ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed with angina and will be given a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. When teaching the patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, the nurse will include which instruction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When teaching a patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, it is essential to include the instruction that if the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, they should call 911 immediately. This is because persistent chest pain could indicate a serious cardiac event, such as a heart attack, that requires immediate medical attention. It is not advisable to take multiple doses without consulting a healthcare provider, as this can lead to complications. The patient should seek emergency medical help if their symptoms are not relieved after taking one tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed with angina and will be given a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. When teaching the patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, the nurse will include which instruction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When teaching a patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, it is essential to include the instruction that if the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, they should call 911 immediately. This is because persistent chest pain could indicate a serious cardiac event, such as a heart attack, that requires immediate medical attention. It is not advisable to take multiple doses without consulting a healthcare provider, as this can lead to complications. The patient should seek emergency medical help if their symptoms are not relieved after taking one tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Question 3 of 5
Amoxicillin is prescribed for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the patient about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the patient makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is generally well-absorbed with or without food, but taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The statement 'This medication should not be taken with food' indicates a misunderstanding, as food does not significantly impair its absorption. The other statements are correct: completing the prescription prevents antibiotic resistance, reporting genital itching is important for identifying potential yeast infections, and excess bleeding could indicate a rare but serious side effect like thrombocytopenia.
Question 4 of 5
A 58-year-old woman who is obese comes to the emergency department with diaphoresis and crushing chest pain that radiates to her left arm. The physician orders an ECG and checks her cardiac enzymes to confirm his suspicion of myocardial infarction. Because of the quick response and intervention, she survives and is ultimately discharged with a prescription for low-dose daily aspirin to inhibit platelet aggregation. Which of the following enzymes is the intended target of aspirin in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin post-MI inhibits platelet aggregation via cyclooxygenase (COX) . It blocks thromboxane A2 synthesis, reducing clotting. Lipoxygenase , phospholipase A2 , prostacyclin synthase , and thromboxane synthase (E) aren't primary targets. COX inhibition prevents secondary events.
Question 5 of 5
Which drug is most likely to be ordered for the client with herpes simplex virus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Herpes simplex virus requires antiviral therapy, and acyclovir inhibits viral DNA replication, reducing symptom duration and severity, making it the standard treatment. Zidovudine targets HIV, not HSV. Nystatin is antifungal, ineffective against viruses. Metronidazole treats bacterial/protozoal infections. Acyclovir's specificity for HSV, backed by clinical guidelines, ensures targeted therapy, making A the most likely drug ordered for effective management.