Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Foods. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be triggered by foods, medications, insect stings, and other allergens. In this scenario, assessing for potential food allergies is crucial as food is one of the most common triggers for anaphylaxis. Foods like nuts, shellfish, and eggs are common culprits. Medications and insect stings (choices B and C) are also important triggers to consider in the assessment. Autoimmunity (choice D) is not a direct cause of anaphylaxis, as it involves the immune system attacking the body's own tissues rather than reacting to external allergens. Environmental pollutants (choice E) may trigger respiratory symptoms but are not typically associated with anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: The nurse should inform the patient that most cases of ovarian cancer are considered to be random, with no obvious causation. This is the correct answer because the exact cause of ovarian cancer is not well understood, and the majority of cases are not linked to specific risk factors. Step 2: Choice A is incorrect because the use of oral contraceptives actually decreases the risk of ovarian cancer. Step 3: Choice B is incorrect because tobacco use is not a major risk factor for ovarian cancer. It is primarily associated with lung and other types of cancer. Step 4: Choice D is incorrect because while a family history of ovarian cancer can increase the risk, the majority of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer do not have a family history of the disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lumpectomy and radiation. For a small, well-defined nodule in the breast, lumpectomy (removal of the lump) followed by radiation therapy is usually the treatment of choice for early-stage breast cancer. This approach aims to preserve the breast while ensuring effective treatment. Partial mastectomy (B) involves removing a larger portion of the breast tissue and is not typically necessary for a small, well-defined nodule. Chemotherapy (C) is generally used for more advanced stages of breast cancer or when the cancer has spread beyond the breast. Total mastectomy (D) is considered when the cancer is more extensive or in cases where lumpectomy is not feasible.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inform the urologist of this finding. In this scenario, significant urine leakage around the suprapubic tube indicates a potential issue with the tube placement or functioning. It is crucial to involve the urologist, who is the specialist managing the patient's urological interventions, to assess and address the cause of the leakage promptly. This action ensures timely and appropriate intervention to prevent complications such as infection or further damage. Choice A is incorrect because simply cleansing the skin does not address the underlying issue of urine leakage. Choice C is incorrect and potentially harmful as removing the suprapubic tube without professional assessment can lead to serious complications. Choice D is incorrect as administering antispasmodic drugs may not be the appropriate action without further evaluation by the urologist.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased skin turgor. Diarrhea leads to fluid loss and dehydration, causing a decrease in skin turgor. Assessing skin turgor by gently pinching the skin on the patient's forearm is important to determine hydration status. A: Distended abdomen is more indicative of possible bowel obstruction or fluid accumulation, not specifically related to diarrhea. C: Increased energy levels are unlikely as diarrhea typically causes fatigue and weakness due to electrolyte imbalance. D: Elevated blood pressure is not a typical finding with diarrhea unless there are other underlying medical conditions.