A patient has a new order for the adrenergic drug doxazosin (Cardura). When providing education about this drug, the nurse will include which instructions?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because doxazosin is an alpha-1 blocker that can cause first-dose hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting. Instructing the patient to lie down after the first dose can help prevent these adverse effects. A is incorrect because weight loss is not a common side effect of doxazosin. B is incorrect because there is no specific need to increase potassium intake with this medication. C is incorrect because impaired taste is not a common side effect of doxazosin, and if it does occur, it typically does not last for 2 to 3 weeks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peanuts. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic drug, and patients with allergies to peanuts may have a cross-reactivity due to the similarity in protein structure between peanuts and certain anticholinergic medications. Allergies to shellfish (A), soy products (B), and eggs (D) are not directly related to ipratropium and do not pose a significant risk of cross-reactivity. It is important to assess for peanut allergy before administering ipratropium to prevent an allergic reaction in patients with a known peanut allergy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Biotransformation aims to make drugs more polar and water-soluble to facilitate their elimination. This process usually involves adding functional groups to increase polarity, making drugs less lipid-soluble. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A is incorrect because ionization is not the primary focus of biotransformation. Choice B is incorrect as increased pharmacological activity is not a goal of biotransformation. Choice C is incorrect because increasing lipid solubility would hinder drug elimination, contrary to the purpose of biotransformation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Competitive antagonism occurs when two substances compete for the same receptor. 2. In this type, the antagonist binds to the receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding. 3. This results in a decrease in the response produced by the agonist. 4. Summarized, potentiated, and additive antagonisms do not involve direct competition for the receptor site. 5. Summarized means concise or brief, potentiated means increased effect, and additive means combined effect. 6. Therefore, the correct answer is D (Competitive) as it specifically describes the type of antagonism where substances compete for the same receptor site.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Procaine. Procaine is more likely to cause allergic reactions due to its structural similarity to PABA, a common allergen. It can trigger allergic responses in individuals sensitive to PABA. Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine are less likely to cause allergic reactions as they have different chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Allergy to these drugs is rare compared to procaine.