A patient has a new order for an ipratropium (Atrovent) inhaler, an anticholinergic drug. The nurse knows to assess for an allergy to which food before giving this drug?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peanuts. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic drug, and patients with allergies to peanuts may have a cross-reactivity due to the similarity in protein structure between peanuts and certain anticholinergic medications. Allergies to shellfish (A), soy products (B), and eggs (D) are not directly related to ipratropium and do not pose a significant risk of cross-reactivity. It is important to assess for peanut allergy before administering ipratropium to prevent an allergic reaction in patients with a known peanut allergy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Competitive antagonism occurs when two substances compete for the same receptor. 2. In this type, the antagonist binds to the receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding. 3. This results in a decrease in the response produced by the agonist. 4. Summarized, potentiated, and additive antagonisms do not involve direct competition for the receptor site. 5. Summarized means concise or brief, potentiated means increased effect, and additive means combined effect. 6. Therefore, the correct answer is D (Competitive) as it specifically describes the type of antagonism where substances compete for the same receptor site.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Procaine. Procaine is more likely to cause allergic reactions due to its structural similarity to PABA, a common allergen. It can trigger allergic responses in individuals sensitive to PABA. Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine are less likely to cause allergic reactions as they have different chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Allergy to these drugs is rare compared to procaine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ventricle. Muscarinic receptors are predominantly found in the atria, sinoatrial node, and atrioventricular node. Blocking these receptors can lead to decreased heart rate and conduction. The ventricles, however, are more sensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation rather than muscarinic blockade. This is because beta-adrenergic receptors play a significant role in the contractility of the ventricles. Therefore, the ventricles are not as sensitive to muscarinic receptor blockade compared to the other parts of the heart.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Interaction with adrenoreceptors. Indirect action involves affecting catecholamines' release, reuptake, or displacement, not direct interaction with adrenoreceptors. A: Displacement of stored catecholamines is correct as it refers to causing the release of stored catecholamines. B: Inhibition of reuptake is correct as it refers to preventing the reuptake of catecholamines. D: Inhibition of release of endogenous catecholamines is correct as it refers to stopping the release of catecholamines from nerve endings.