A patient had a venous thrombosis 3 weeks ago and is now taking warfarin. When visiting the laboratory to have a prothrombin time drawn, the patient reports drinking ginseng tea to stimulate the immune system. Which nursing diagnosis applies?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deficient knowledge related to potentially harmful drug interactions. The patient's use of ginseng tea can interact with warfarin, leading to decreased effectiveness and increased risk of bleeding. This nursing diagnosis is appropriate as the patient lacks knowledge about the potential harmful drug interactions. Impaired memory (choice A) is not relevant in this scenario. Ineffective denial (choice C) suggests the patient is not acknowledging the consequences, which is not evident. Effective management (choice D) does not apply as the patient is unknowingly engaging in a behavior that can affect the therapeutic regime. Therefore, choice B is the best option given the patient's situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Frontal Cortex. Motor coordination is primarily controlled by the frontal cortex, which is responsible for planning and executing movements. The frontal cortex plays a key role in coordinating muscle actions required for smooth and precise movements. Broca's Area (A) is involved in speech production, Olfactory Nerves (B) are responsible for the sense of smell, and the Thalamus (D) is a relay center for sensory information but not directly involved in motor coordination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emotion and learning. The limbic system is a complex network of structures in the brain responsible for regulating emotions and memory formation, which are crucial for learning. The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are key components of the limbic system involved in processing emotions and forming memories. Executive function (choice A) is primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex, not the limbic system. Intelligence and movement (choice C) are controlled by different brain regions such as the frontal lobe and motor cortex, not the limbic system. Expressive speech (choice D) is predominantly linked to areas in the left hemisphere of the brain, such as Broca's area, not the limbic system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Informed consent. When obtaining consent from the guardian of a patient with limited cognitive capabilities, it is essential to uphold the ethical principle of informed consent. This involves ensuring that the guardian understands the treatment options, risks, benefits, and alternatives before making a decision on behalf of the patient. It respects the autonomy and rights of the patient even when they are unable to make decisions themselves. Compliance (B) refers to following rules and regulations, not specific to consent. Off-label prescribing (C) relates to using medications for unapproved purposes. Confidentiality (D) pertains to protecting patient information, but it is not directly related to obtaining consent in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amygdala. The amygdala is the key brain structure responsible for processing emotions, including fear. It plays a crucial role in the fear response by interpreting and reacting to potential threats. The striatum (A) is involved in reward and movement. The limbic system (C) includes the amygdala but is a broader network of brain structures related to emotions and memory. The basal ganglia (D) is primarily responsible for motor control and procedural learning. Thus, the amygdala specifically processes fear, making it the correct choice in this context.