A patient expresses fear of the unknown regarding an upcoming surgical procedure. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best response to a patient expressing fear of the unknown regarding an upcoming surgical procedure is to provide the patient with accurate information about the surgical procedure and what to expect. This approach empowers the patient with knowledge and helps alleviate anxiety by demystifying the unknown. By educating the patient about the procedure, potential risks, and postoperative care, the nurse can help the patient feel more prepared and in control of the situation. It is crucial for healthcare providers to address patient fears with compassion, understanding, and information to support the patient through the surgical process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate oxygen delivery device for a patient with chronic respiratory failure secondary to severe restrictive lung disease requiring continuous supplemental oxygen is a non-rebreather mask. A non-rebreather mask is designed to deliver high-flow oxygen and is typically used for short-term medical treatment in emergency situations or for critically ill patients. It is ideal for providing the highest concentration of oxygen available for inhalation, making it suitable for patients with severe hypoxemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation of well-demarcated, hypopigmented macules with fine scaling on the trunk and proximal extremities is classic for tinea versicolor. Tinea versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by Malassezia spp., which leads to hypo- or hyperpigmented patches on the skin. The condition often occurs in individuals with increased sebum production due to factors such as hot and humid climates, sweating, and oily skin. History of sun exposure and outdoor activities is also commonly reported by patients with tinea versicolor. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally to eliminate the fungus. Differentiating tinea versicolor from other skin conditions, such as vitiligo, pityriasis rosea, or seborrheic keratosis, is important for appropriate management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To obtain a license to practice, the individual must follow certain steps and fulfill specific requirements. Option A states that she must take the path to any government official, which is not accurate or necessary in the process of obtaining a professional license. The other options provided are correct in the usual process of getting a license: registering in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), taking the oath of professionals before a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), and being issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and a profession identification card (PIN).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to ensure proper insertion technique during a urinary catheterization is to use aseptic technique and sterile equipment. This is crucial in preventing infections and ensuring patient safety. Aseptic technique involves maintaining cleanliness and preventing the introduction of harmful microorganisms during invasive procedures like catheterization. Using sterile equipment helps minimize the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, which could lead to a urinary tract infection (UTI). Therefore, it is essential that the nurse follows strict infection control protocols and uses sterile equipment to maintain patient safety and well-being during the catheterization procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurse Chona should explain to Patient Noel that the sign of negative before the word means that he is not drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes. This is a simple misunderstanding and clarification should help clear up any confusion. It is important to uphold patient confidentiality and respect their autonomy, rather than reprimanding the patient for looking at their own chart. It is also essential to address any discrepancies in the patient's medical record to ensure accurate information is documented for proper treatment and care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The indicators listed indicate measures that Nurse Cirila can take to maintain a safe environment for her pediatric patients. However, assessing the competencies of staff before delegating a task is more related to ensuring effective delegation and appropriate task assignment rather than directly ensuring a safe environment for patients. While it is important to delegate tasks to qualified staff, this specific action does not directly contribute to maintaining a safe environment in the same manner as the other indicators listed (proper waste disposal, infection control, emergency protocols).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: According to RA 9482 or the Anti-Rabies Act of 2007, one of the key components of rabies prevention is to have dogs regularly vaccinated against rabies. This is a crucial step in reducing the risk of rabies transmission from dogs to humans. By ensuring that dogs are vaccinated, the likelihood of rabies exposure is significantly decreased. Additionally, proper vaccination also helps protect the health and well-being of the dogs themselves. Therefore, ensuring regular vaccination of dogs is an applicable and important statement regarding rabies post-exposure prophylaxis as mandated by the law.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Goiter is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is iodine deficiency, which is required for the production of thyroid hormones. When there is insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to produce more hormones, leading to the development of goiter. While other factors can also contribute to the development of goiter, such as autoimmune diseases and certain medications, the primary cause associated with the condition is an iodine-deficient diet.