A patient expresses confusion about their medication regimen. What is the nurse's best approach to address this issue?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address the patient's confusion about their medication regimen is to use a teach-back method to assess understanding and clarify any misconceptions. This method involves the nurse asking the patient to explain in their own words how they will take their medications, what each medication is for, and any potential side effects they should watch for. By using the teach-back method, the nurse can confirm the patient's comprehension and correct any misunderstandings in a supportive and non-judgmental manner. This approach promotes patient education, empowerment, and adherence to the medication regimen. Providing written instructions alone (Choice A) may not be sufficient if the patient has difficulty reading or understanding written information. Explaining the medication regimen using complex medical terminology (Choice B) can further confuse the patient, making it harder for them to grasp the information. Dismissing the patient's concerns and reassuring them that the medication is safe (Choice D) does not address the root of the issue and

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with suspected pulmonary TB, the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis is the sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. This test involves examining sputum samples under the microscope for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which are characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Additionally, culturing the sputum allows for the bacteria to grow in a controlled environment, further confirming the diagnosis. In the given scenario, the patient's symptoms (cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis), along with chest X-ray findings of upper lobe infiltrates and cavitation, are highly suggestive of pulmonary TB. Therefore, performing a sputum AFB smear and culture is crucial for definitive diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. The other options (Tuberculin skin test, Interferon

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Validity refers to the extent to which a test accurately measures what it is intended to measure. In the context of screening tests for diseases, validity is crucial in assessing whether the test can correctly distinguish between individuals who have the disease (true positives) and those who do not have the disease (true negatives). This includes the ability to minimize false positives (incorrectly identifying someone as having the disease) and false negatives (incorrectly identifying someone as not having the disease). Therefore, when assessing the ability of a screening test to distinguish correctly between persons with and without a disease, we are essentially evaluating its validity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is not important for Myra to listen to the tape recordings only when she feels motivated or productive. In a nurse-patient interaction relationship, listening to tape recordings promptly (Choice A) is crucial because it ensures that any important information or cues are not missed or forgotten. Additionally, noting voice tone and inflection (Choice B) and observing pauses (Choice D) are essential for understanding the nuances and emotions conveyed during the interaction, which can be crucial in effective communication. Listening based on motivation may lead to delays and hamper the timely analysis and understanding of the interactions. Hence, it is important for Myra to prioritize active and focused listening to the tape recordings, regardless of her current motivation levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient is unable to talk, the nurse can best communicate with the patient by using picture cards. Picture cards can help the patient convey their needs, feelings, or responses by pointing to the corresponding pictures. This method allows for effective communication and understanding between the patient and the nurse, even when verbal communication is not possible. It promotes patient autonomy and ensures that their needs are accurately communicated and addressed. Additionally, picture cards can be a useful tool in reducing frustration and anxiety for patients who are unable to communicate verbally.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A dental abscess is a localized accumulation of pus within the periodontal tissues, often associated with deep periodontal pockets. This condition typically arises from bacterial infection in the tooth pulp (periapical abscess) or in the periodontal tissues (periodontal abscess). The pus accumulation leads to localized swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected area. Treatment usually involves draining the abscess and addressing the underlying infection through root canal therapy, periodontal treatment, or extraction, depending on the extent of the infection. It is important to seek prompt dental care to prevent potential complications as abscesses can lead to severe pain, systemic infection, and even tooth loss if left untreated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should prioritize using sterile technique during the tracheostomy tube change to ensure patient safety. Tracheostomy procedures involve a direct entry into the airway, making it crucial to prevent infection and reduce the risk of complications. Sterile technique, including proper hand hygiene, wearing sterile gloves, and using sterile equipment, helps minimize the introduction of pathogens into the patient's airway, reducing the risk of infection. By maintaining a sterile field, the nurse can protect the patient from potential harm and promote a successful outcome of the tracheostomy tube change.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of tinea versicolor, a fungal skin infection caused by Malassezia furfur. The hypopigmented macules with fine scaling are often seen on the trunk and proximal extremities, particularly in areas that are more prone to sebum production. Patients with tinea versicolor may have a history of sun exposure and outdoor activities as the organism responsible for the infection thrives in warm, humid environments. Treatment typically involves the use of topical antifungal agents such as ketoconazole or selenium sulfide.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This scenario falls under the category of invasion of privacy. Invasion of privacy occurs when a person's private information or images are shared or used without their consent, leading to an intrusion of their private life. In this case, Kris, as a hospitalized movie star, had her picture taken without permission by the nursing assistant, which was later sold to a local newspaper. Kris has a right to privacy, especially during a vulnerable time like being hospitalized, and the nursing assistant violated that right by taking and selling her picture without consent. This action constitutes an invasion of privacy.