A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. The nurse states, 'I understand you are hearing voices. Can you tell me what they are saying?' Which therapeutic communication technique is the nurse using?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Clarification because the nurse is seeking to obtain more information and a better understanding of the patient's experience by encouraging them to verbalize the content of the auditory hallucinations. This technique helps to clarify the patient's thoughts and feelings, fostering a therapeutic relationship based on trust and empathy. Option B) Reflection involves paraphrasing the patient's words to show understanding and empathy, which is not demonstrated in the given scenario where the nurse is specifically asking for more details about the hallucinations. Option C) Restating involves repeating the main idea expressed by the patient, which is not what the nurse is doing in this situation as she is seeking specific information about the hallucinations. Option D) Focusing involves directing the conversation to a specific topic, which is not the case here as the nurse is aiming to explore the content of the auditory hallucinations. In an educational context, understanding therapeutic communication techniques is crucial for nurses to effectively communicate with patients, especially those with mental health conditions like schizophrenia. By using appropriate techniques like clarification, nurses can build rapport, gather important information, and provide better care for their patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Lewy body disease. The nurse can expect this client to have Lewy body disease based on the symptoms of fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Lewy body disease is characterized by cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, and motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. These hallucinations are often vivid and detailed, which is a key feature of Lewy body dementia. Option B) Traumatic brain injury is incorrect as it is typically associated with a history of head trauma and cognitive symptoms related to the specific area of the brain affected by the injury, rather than fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Option C) HIV infection is incorrect because while HIV can impact neurological function, it does not typically present with the specific symptoms described in the scenario. Option D) Prion disease is also incorrect as it usually presents with rapid progression of dementia, muscle stiffness, and myoclonus, rather than the fluctuating cognitive symptoms and visual hallucinations seen in Lewy body disease. Understanding the specific symptoms and characteristics of different types of dementia is crucial for nurses caring for clients with cognitive impairments. Recognizing these distinctions can help nurses provide appropriate care and support tailored to the individual needs of each client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Relax the client. Introducing a therapy dog to a client with dementia can help in promoting relaxation, reducing anxiety, and improving overall well-being. Interacting with animals has been shown to have therapeutic effects, including lowering blood pressure, reducing stress, and increasing feelings of comfort and security. For individuals with dementia, who may experience agitation and confusion, the presence of a therapy dog can provide a calming and soothing effect. Option A) Evoke the client's memories may not be the primary purpose of a therapy dog visit for a client with dementia. While interactions with animals can sometimes trigger memories, the main goal in this context is typically to provide emotional support and comfort rather than specifically targeting memory recall. Option B) Decrease the client's depression is not the primary purpose of a therapy dog visit, although it may indirectly contribute to improving the client's mood. Therapy dogs are more focused on providing companionship and emotional support rather than directly addressing clinical depression. Option C) Improve the client's cognitive function is not the primary goal of a therapy dog visit. While animal-assisted therapy can have various benefits for cognitive function in certain populations, the main aim in this scenario is to promote relaxation and emotional well-being rather than specifically targeting cognitive enhancement. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind using therapy dogs in healthcare settings is crucial for nurses and other healthcare professionals. By recognizing the therapeutic benefits that animals can provide, healthcare providers can incorporate these interventions into patient care plans to enhance the overall well-being of their patients, particularly those with conditions such as dementia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder, understanding the behaviors associated with the manic phase is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer is B) Extreme risk-taking and impulsive behavior. During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals often experience elevated mood, increased energy levels, and engage in risky behaviors such as excessive spending, substance abuse, or reckless driving. This behavior can pose serious risks to the individual's safety and well-being. Option A) Low energy and lack of motivation is not characteristic of the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Mania is characterized by increased energy levels and heightened activity. Option C) Excessive sleep and lack of communication are more indicative of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, where individuals may experience prolonged periods of sadness, fatigue, and social withdrawal. Option D) Social withdrawal and limited interaction with others are also more commonly associated with the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, where individuals may isolate themselves and have difficulty engaging in social activities. Educationally, understanding the different phases of bipolar disorder and the behaviors associated with each phase is essential for nurses to provide appropriate care, support, and interventions for patients. Recognizing the signs of mania, such as extreme risk-taking and impulsive behavior, can help nurses ensure the safety and well-being of individuals experiencing this phase of the disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B is the correct answer that indicates the need for further teaching. The patient's plan to eat only fruits and vegetables to lose weight faster reflects a misconception about nutrition and an unhealthy approach to managing anorexia nervosa. Option A demonstrates an understanding of the need to gradually increase food intake, which is a positive step in addressing anorexia nervosa. Option C shows awareness of the importance of restoring weight to a healthier level, aligning with treatment goals. Option D acknowledges the importance of patience and taking small steps in the recovery process, which are essential components of managing anorexia nervosa. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and comprehensive information to patients with anorexia nervosa to support their recovery. Teaching about balanced nutrition, gradual weight restoration, and the importance of patience in the recovery process are key aspects of care for individuals with eating disorders. Addressing misconceptions and promoting healthy behaviors are essential in helping patients make positive changes in their eating habits and overall health.