ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient develops a postoperative deep vein thrombosis and is started on IV heparin. Which of the ff. laboratory tests is monitored during the heparin therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During heparin therapy, the laboratory test that is monitored is the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Heparin acts by potentiating the activity of antithrombin III, leading to the inhibition of both thrombin and factor Xa. The PTT measures the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is prolonged with heparin due to its anticoagulant effect. Monitoring the PTT helps to ensure that the patient is within the therapeutic range of anticoagulation to prevent clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding complications. Plasma fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR) are not routinely monitored during heparin therapy.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse would evaluate that the patient understands what triggers allergic rhinitis by which of the following patient responses?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages caused by exposure to allergens. Common triggers include airborne pollens and molds, which are inhaled through the nose and can lead to symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy/watery eyes. Understanding these triggers is essential for managing allergic rhinitis effectively, as patients can take steps to minimize their exposure to these allergens and reduce their symptoms. The correct answer is D because it specifically addresses the environmental triggers associated with allergic rhinitis.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention to prevent infection in patients with AIDS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct nursing intervention to prevent infection in patients with AIDS is to wear protective gear such as gown, mask, gloves, and goggles when entering the patient's room. Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Wearing protective gear helps prevent the transmission of pathogens from healthcare providers to the patient and vice versa. It helps minimize the risk of exposure to infectious agents and protects both the patient and the healthcare team. Prohibiting visitors with a cough (option B) may be important for preventing the spread of certain infections, but it is not the most effective measure for protecting patients with AIDS. Option A is not appropriate as it isolates the patient, which can have negative psychological effects. Option D is not specific enough and does not provide clear guidance on infection prevention measures.
Question 4 of 5
The physician orders tests to determine if a client has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which test result confirms SLE?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An above-normal anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) test result confirms systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 70% of individuals with the condition. These antibodies target the genetic material within the cell nucleus and are strongly associated with lupus nephritis, a severe complication of SLE. Therefore, an elevated anti-dsDNA test result would be a key indicator of SLE diagnosis.
Question 5 of 5
After receiving a dose of penicillin, a client develops dyspnea and hypotension. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing anaphylactic shock. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client exhibits symptoms of anaphylactic shock after receiving penicillin, the priority nursing intervention is to administer epinephrine, as prescribed, to counteract the severe allergic reaction. Epinephrine helps to improve breathing and increase blood pressure. Intubation may be necessary in severe cases to maintain airway patency. Therefore, the nurse should administer epinephrine first before considering intubation. It is crucial to act swiftly to prevent further deterioration in the client's condition.