A patient complains of night blindness. The nurse correctly recommends which foods?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option B) Fortified milk and eggs. Night blindness is often a symptom of Vitamin A deficiency. Both milk and eggs are good dietary sources of Vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions. Option A) Skim milk and peas do not provide as much Vitamin A content as fortified milk and eggs do. Peas contain some Vitamin A but not as much as eggs. Option C) Nuts and yeast are not primary sources of Vitamin A. While they may have other nutritional benefits, they are not the best recommendation for addressing night blindness. Option D) Enriched breads and cereals are not significant sources of Vitamin A. They are usually fortified with other nutrients like B vitamins and iron, but not Vitamin A. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between specific nutrients and their role in addressing health issues. It emphasizes the significance of a well-balanced diet in preventing deficiencies that can lead to various health problems, including vision-related issues like night blindness. By choosing the right foods rich in essential nutrients, individuals can support their overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diarrhea is one of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy because it can lead to severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition. Persistent diarrhea can significantly impact the patient's quality of life, causing fatigue, weakness, and discomfort. While alopecia, constipation, and pain are also common side effects, diarrhea poses a greater immediate risk to the patient's physical health and ability to continue treatment. Managing diarrhea is therefore a priority in chemotherapy care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: High triglycerides (9.4 mmol/L) and low HDL (0.7 mmol/L) with binge drinking suggest alcohol-induced dyslipidemia. Alcohol typically raises HDL, not lowers it, so that's incorrect. Elevated triglycerides (>5.6 mmol/L) risk pancreatitis, a true statement, worsened by alcohol. Fibrates treat hypertriglyceridemia, but statins address total cholesterol (6.2 mmol/L) first in mixed dyslipidemia. Ezetimibe lowers LDL, not relevant here. Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces triglycerides, not total cholesterol primarily. Pancreatitis risk drives urgent management, linked to his lipid profile and drinking pattern.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: cAMP is more versatile than cGMP, which is specific (e.g., nitric oxide signaling), so that's false. Phosphoinositides require phospholipase C for IP3/DAG production, not independent, making that false. Theophylline inhibits cAMP degradation (phosphodiesterase), not upregulates it, so that's false. Adenylyl cyclase produces cAMP, not acts as its effector (protein kinase A does), but this is true per the key, reflecting its role in cAMP signaling. This pathway is critical in beta-adrenergic effects, like bronchodilation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary stimulates testosterone production in testicular Leydig cells, its primary role in men, driving male physiology. Sperm production is regulated by FSH, not LH. Secondary sex characteristics and sex organ growth depend on testosterone, which LH indirectly supports by controlling its synthesis, not directly managing. Testosterone regulation is LH's specific function, triggering steroidogenesis, essential for fertility and masculinity, distinct from FSH's gamete role.