A patient complains about a burning sensation and pain when urinating. Which urinary analgesic does the nurse suspect will be ordered?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phenazopyridine. This urinary analgesic is commonly used to relieve pain, burning sensation, and discomfort associated with urinary tract infections or other urinary conditions. It works by numbing the urinary tract lining. Tolterodine (A) and Oxybutynin (B) are anticholinergic medications used to treat overactive bladder, not urinary pain. Bethanechol (C) is a cholinergic medication used to increase bladder muscle tone, not for urinary pain relief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of congenital cretinism in the baby. This is because the drug may interfere with the normal development of the baby's thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism and intellectual disability. Choice A is incorrect as liver damage is not specifically linked to this drug in pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect because severe hypertension is not a common side effect of the drug in this context. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two incorrect statements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: PPAR-γ is a nuclear receptor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Step 2: Ciglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that specifically targets PPAR-γ. Step 3: Ciglitazone activates PPAR-γ to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate gene expression. Step 4: Metformin (B) works by reducing glucose production in the liver, not targeting PPAR-γ. Step 5: Tolazamide (C) and Repaglinide (D) are both sulfonylureas that stimulate insulin release from the pancreas, not acting on PPAR-γ.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: zygote. After fertilization, the sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote, which is the first cell of a new organism with a full set of chromosomes. A. Gamete refers to the sex cells (sperm and egg) before fusion. B. Embryo is the developmental stage after the zygote undergoes multiple cell divisions. C. Fetus is the term used for the developing organism after the embryo stage. Therefore, the correct term for the cell produced by fertilization is zygote as it represents the initial stage of the new organism's development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vulva. The vulva includes all the external female genitalia, such as the labia, clitoris, and mons pubis. It is the correct term that encompasses all these structures. The other choices, A, C, and D, represent specific parts of the female external genitalia and do not cover all components collectively. So, B is the best answer as it accurately describes the entire external female genitalia.