ATI RN
Pharmacology Final ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient complains about a burning sensation and pain when urinating. Which urinary analgesic does the nurse suspect will be ordered?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic commonly used to relieve the burning sensation and pain experienced during urination, typically caused by urinary tract infection or irritation. It works by acting as a local anesthetic on the lining of the urinary tract, providing relief from discomfort. Tolterodine and oxybutynin are used to treat overactive bladder by reducing bladder spasms and urge incontinence, whereas bethanechol is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist primarily used to stimulate bladder contractions in individuals with urinary retention. Thus, for the symptom of burning sensation and pain when urinating, phenazopyridine would be the most likely urinary analgesic to be ordered.
Question 2 of 5
The nursing instructor teaches the student nurses about the pharmacological classification of drugs. The instructor evaluates that learning has occurred when the students make which response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pharmacological classification groups drugs by mechanism-anticoagulants influence clotting by inhibiting factors like thrombin, a precise definition. Anti-anginal and antihypertensive describe therapeutic effects, not mechanisms. Calcium channel blockers' action is mechanistic but less broad than clotting's systemic impact. Anticoagulants' specific role in coagulation reflects accurate classification understanding, key for pharmacology learning.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is giving instructions to a client receiving phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse concludes that the client has a sufficient knowledge if the client states that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring the serum phenytoin level is crucial when taking phenytoin (Dilantin) because phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic range. Having regular blood tests to check the drug levels ensures that the medication is within the effective range and helps prevent toxicity or ineffectiveness. This also allows healthcare providers to adjust the dosage if needed, based on the serum level results. It is an essential part of managing phenytoin therapy and ensuring its effectiveness while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is in an urgent care center and is receiving treatment for mild hyponatremia after spending several hours doing gardening work in the heat of the day. The nurse expects that which drug therapy will be used to treat this condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of mild hyponatremia, which is a condition where there is a lower-than-normal concentration of sodium in the blood, treatment often involves administering intravenous normal saline infusion administered slowly. This helps to incrementally increase sodium levels in the blood while also ensuring proper hydration. Normal saline is preferred over other fluid solutions as it helps to maintain a stable electrolyte balance. In cases of severe hyponatremia or symptoms like seizures, more aggressive treatment may be necessary, but for mild cases like that described in the scenario, normal saline infusion is typically the appropriate choice.
Question 5 of 5
The patient asks the nurse why she needs to continue using table salt because her prescribed lithium (Eskalith) is a salt. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lithium, used for bipolar disorder, is a salt processed by the kidneys, which also regulate sodium. Low sodium levels (e.g., from reduced table salt intake) cause the kidneys to conserve lithium instead, increasing serum levels and risking toxicity—symptoms like tremors, confusion, or seizures. Choice B correctly explains this mechanism: adequate sodium intake (via table salt) prevents lithium retention, maintaining therapeutic levels. Choice A confuses the issue with sea salt, which isn't clinically distinct here. Choice C inaccurately suggests adjusting salt reactively, risking toxicity first. Choice D downplays salt's role compared to hydration, which, while important, doesn't negate sodium's necessity. The nurse must clarify that consistent sodium intake is essential for lithium's safe metabolism, making choice B the most accurate and educational response.