ATI RN
Intro to Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient comes to the hospital with a suspected opioid overdose, what would be the appropriate medication to be administered?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone is the appropriate medication to be administered to a patient with a suspected opioid overdose. Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist, meaning it can quickly reverse the effects of opioids on the central nervous system. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that opioids target, blocking their effects and rapidly restoring normal respiration and consciousness in a person who has overdosed on opioids. This can be a life-saving treatment for opioid overdose patients. Exenatide, Heparin, and Tolvaptan are not appropriate medications for reversing opioid overdose.
Question 2 of 5
Which combination of local anesthesia produces EMLA ( Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics):
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics) is a commonly used topical local anesthetic cream. It contains a combination of lidocaine and prilocaine. This combination of local anesthetics work together to provide effective pain relief when applied to the skin before certain medical procedures like needle insertion, laser treatment, or minor skin surgeries. Lidocaine and prilocaine work by blocking nerve signals in the skin, reducing sensations of pain and discomfort in the area where the cream is applied.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following are possible mechanisms for the bactericidal/bacteriostatic effects of antiseptics and disinfectants?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the mechanisms of action of antiseptics and disinfectants is crucial for their effective use. The correct answer, "precipitation of bacterial cell proteins," is a key mechanism for the bactericidal/bacteriostatic effects of these agents. Antiseptics and disinfectants work by denaturing proteins in bacterial cells, leading to their inactivation and eventual death. This mechanism disrupts the structural integrity and function of bacterial cells, rendering them unable to survive or reproduce. Option B, "disruption of bacterial cell membrane," is not typically a primary mechanism for antiseptics and disinfectants. While some agents may act by disrupting membranes, the precipitation of bacterial cell proteins is a more common and effective mechanism for achieving bactericidal effects. Option C, "inhibition of essential bacterial enzymes," and Option D, "inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis," are mechanisms more commonly associated with antibiotics rather than antiseptics and disinfectants. Antiseptics and disinfectants primarily target the structural components of bacterial cells rather than specific enzymatic pathways or nucleic acid synthesis. Educationally, grasping these distinctions enhances students' understanding of how different classes of antimicrobial agents function and how to select the most appropriate agent for a given clinical situation. By comprehending the specific mechanisms of action of antiseptics and disinfectants, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions to optimize patient care and infection control practices.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin (Dilantin) to a patient who has a seizure disorder. The nurse notes that the last random serum drug level was 18 mcg/mL. What action Will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The therapeutic range for phenytoin (Dilantin) is typically 10-20 mcg/mL. A level of 18 mcg/mL is at the upper end of the therapeutic range, and the patient may be at risk for toxicity, especially if symptoms are present. Therefore, the nurse should contact the provider to discuss potentially decreasing the phenytoin dose to avoid toxicity. Monitoring levels closely and reporting any signs of toxicity are also important actions, but the immediate action should be to address the potential for toxicity by discussing a dosage adjustment with the provider.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse frequently administers propranolol (Inderal) as treatment for what condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used to treat cardiovascular problems (hypertension, angina, migraine headaches) and to prevent reinfarction after MI. The prototype drug, propranolol, was in fact the most prescribed drug in the country in the 1980s and is still considered a first-line drug. Propranolol does not prevent first MIs and it is not used for hypotension or cluster headaches. The nurse should understand the indications for propranolol to ensure safe and effective administration.