ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Practice Exam 1 Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine (Questran) powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should suggest the patient mix the cholestyramine powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. Cholestyramine is a medication that works by binding with bile acids in the intestine, which requires mixing the powder with a sufficient amount of fluid to ensure proper administration. Mixing the powder with 4 to 6 ounces of fluid or food will help prevent clumping and ensure optimal effectiveness of the medication. Mixing it with a carbonated soda drink (option A) may not be ideal as the effervescence could affect the medication's stability. Adding the powder to any liquid and stirring vigorously (option B) may not effectively dissolve the powder. Taking the powder dry followed by a glass of water (option E) may also not be as effective in ensuring proper administration as when mixed with food or fluid.
Question 2 of 9
Prescription only medicines are included in :
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prescription-only medicines are included in Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. Schedule IV controlled substances have a lower potential for abuse compared to drugs in Schedules I, II, and III. These prescription medications still require a prescription from a healthcare provider, but they have a lower potential for abuse and addiction, which allows them to be categorized in Schedule IV. Examples of Schedule IV substances include certain tranquilizers and sedatives like Xanax and Valium.
Question 3 of 9
Which is the only type of insulin that can be given IV?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin is the only type of insulin that can be given intravenously (IV) due to its short onset of action. When administered IV, regular insulin can act quickly to control blood sugar levels in emergency situations such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic crises. Other types of insulin, such as NPH, long-acting, or rapid-acting insulins, are not suitable for IV administration as they have different pharmacokinetic properties and are designed for subcutaneous use.
Question 4 of 9
The following oral drugs do not require absorption from the gut to exert a therapeutic effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 9
The client's calcium level is low. What will be the nurse's primary concern?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 6 of 9
A 69-year-old man with exercise-induced angina presents to his primary care physician for follow-up. The angina is worsening and is now present at rest. The patient is not taking any medications. Isosorbide dinitrate sublingual is prescribed for the patient. Which of the following interactions must the physician warn this patient about?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isosorbide dinitrate, a nitrate, treats angina by dilating vessels, but its interaction with sildenafil causes severe hypotension. Both enhance cGMP, leading to profound vasodilation, a life-threatening risk. Cold extremities or hot extremities may occur as minor effects but aren't primary concerns. Tinnitus and vertigo (E) aren't linked. Given his age and potential for erectile dysfunction treatment, warning about sildenafil is critical. Nitrates' rapid action relieves rest angina, but this interaction demands patient education to prevent catastrophic blood pressure drops, distinguishing it from less severe side effects.
Question 7 of 9
Dr. Smith orders a gram of human salt poor albumin product for a patient. The product is available in a 50-milliliter vial with a concentration of 25 percent. What dosage will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse administers IV mannitol to a client with cerebral edema. Which parameter should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, reduces cerebral edema by drawing fluid into the vasculature, excreted via urine. Monitoring urine output ensures efficacy and prevents fluid overload or renal strain, critical in brain injury. BP and pupils matter but follow diuresis. Temperature is unrelated. Urine output aligns with mannitol's action, key in cerebral edema where ICP reduction hinges on fluid shift, making A the priority parameter.
Question 9 of 9
What is the therapeutic use of Digoxin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The therapeutic use of Digoxin is primarily to increase cardiac output and slow down the heart rate. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that works by increasing the force of the heart's contractions, thereby improving cardiac output in conditions such as heart failure. Additionally, it also helps to slow down the heart rate by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart. This combination of effects makes Digoxin valuable in treating conditions like heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter.