ATI RN
Neurological System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient becomes startled when the alarm rings for a fire drill. After reassuring the patient that there is no danger, an assessment is completed. Which finding may be related to a sympathetic response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A sympathetic response, or fight-or-flight reaction, includes decreased gastrointestinal activity, leading to diminished bowel sounds. Wheezing, confusion, and incontinence are not typical sympathetic responses. Understanding the autonomic nervous system helps explain physiological changes during stress.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: increased stomach motility. In the sympathetic fight-or-flight response, the body prioritizes blood flow to essential organs and muscles, leading to decreased activity in non-essential functions like digestion (stomach motility). This is to conserve energy for immediate action. Increased heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils are all part of the fight-or-flight response as they prepare the body for quick action and heightened awareness.
Question 3 of 5
What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: medial forebrain bundle. This tract connects the forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus, playing a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. It is involved in the control of emotions, reward pathways, and feeding behaviors. The other choices are incorrect because: A) cardiac accelerator nerve is involved in regulating heart rate, not connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus; C) dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is associated with eye movements and visual processing, not connecting forebrain with the hypothalamus; D) corticospinal tract is responsible for voluntary motor movements, not involved in connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: listeriosis. Listeriosis is caused by a bacterium and there is currently no vaccine available for it. Tetanus, pneumococcal meningitis, and meningococcal meningitis, on the other hand, are all preventable with vaccines. Tetanus is prevented by the DTaP vaccine, pneumococcal meningitis by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and meningococcal meningitis by the meningococcal vaccine. Therefore, listeriosis is the only condition among the options that cannot be prevented with a vaccine.
Question 5 of 5
The wife of a 65-year-old man tells the nurse that she is concerned because she has noticed a change in her husband's personality and ability to understand. He also cries very easily and becomes angry. The nurse recalls that the cerebral lobe responsible for these behaviors is the __________ lobe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for personality, emotional expression, decision-making, reasoning, and problem-solving. Changes in personality, emotional instability, and difficulty with understanding can indicate dysfunction in the frontal lobe. The other lobes (parietal, occipital, temporal) are primarily involved in different functions such as sensory processing (parietal), visual processing (occipital), and memory, language, and auditory processing (temporal). In this case, the symptoms described by the wife suggest a problem with the frontal lobe, making it the correct choice.