A patient admitted yesterday for injuries sustained while intoxicated believes the window blinds are snakes trying to get into the room. The patient is anxious, agitated, and diaphoretic. Which medication can the nurse anticipate the health care provider will prescribe?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct medication to anticipate for this patient is a benzodiazepine, such as lorazepam (Ativan). Rationale: 1. Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat acute agitation and anxiety in patients, which is present in this case. 2. Lorazepam has a rapid onset of action and can help calm the patient quickly. 3. It can help manage the patient's perception of the window blinds as snakes and reduce agitation. 4. Benzodiazepines are safer for patients with alcohol intoxication compared to other sedatives or antipsychotics. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are not typically used for acute agitation and anxiety. They have a slower onset of action and are not first-line for this situation. B: Phenothiazines may worsen the patient's condition due to their potential side effects like sedation and hypotension. D: Narcotic analgesics are not appropriate for managing anxiety or agitation

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Answer A: 1. Substance dependence involves a lack of control over use, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior. 2. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are key indicators of substance dependence when intake is reduced or stopped. 3. These symptoms result from physiological changes in the body due to chronic drug use. 4. The cycle of tolerance and withdrawal reinforces the dependence on the substance. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B. Interference with neurotransmitters is more related to the pharmacological effects of drugs, not a defining feature of substance dependence. C. Additive effects of drugs do not necessarily indicate substance dependence but rather interactions between different substances. D. Combining substances to weaken effects does not define substance dependence; it is more about the compulsive use and physical dependence on a substance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Residential program. This option is most appropriate because a residential program provides a highly structured environment with 24/7 support and supervision, which is crucial for individuals with antisocial tendencies and a history of relapse. This intensive setting helps address the complex needs of the patient, including addiction and behavioral issues. On the other hand, A (One-week detox program) is too short and does not address the underlying issues. B (Long-term outpatient therapy) may not provide sufficient support and monitoring for someone with a high risk of relapse. C (Twelve-step self-help program) can be beneficial but may not offer the level of supervision and intensive treatment needed for this patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Choice C is correct as the patient is exhibiting symptoms of heroin withdrawal, including runny nose, yawning, insomnia, and chills. - Choice A is incorrect because it describes symptoms of central nervous system depressants, not heroin withdrawal. - Choice B is incorrect as it describes symptoms of hallucinogens, not heroin withdrawal. - Choice D is incorrect as it describes symptoms of stimulants, not heroin withdrawal.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Naltrexone (Revia) is the correct answer because it is commonly prescribed for both alcoholism and opioid addiction. It works by blocking the effects of opioids and alcohol in the brain, reducing cravings and helping with relapse prevention. Methadone (A) is primarily used for opioid addiction, while bromocriptine (B) is not commonly used for addiction treatment. Disulfiram (C) is specifically for alcoholism and works by causing unpleasant effects if alcohol is consumed.