A parent says, 'My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What do you think is wrong?' Select the nurse's best reply.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence." Rationale: 1. At age 2, children often exhibit defiance and assert independence. Refusal of toilet training and saying 'No' are typical behaviors. 2. Toilet training readiness varies among children, and it is not uncommon for some to resist training until later. 3. Acknowledging the child's developmental stage and need for independence validates their behavior and helps parents understand it's a normal phase. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as forcing firmer control can lead to power struggles and hinder the child's autonomy. - Choice C is incorrect as toilet training readiness varies, and it's not a definitive sign of developmental problems. - Choice D is incorrect as seeking a child psychologist for typical behavior may be unnecessary and premature.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because psychiatric/mental health registered nurse generalists are qualified to implement crisis intervention as part of their scope of practice. This is crucial in addressing acute mental health crises. Incorrect choices: A: Having a master's degree is not a specific qualification for psychiatric/mental health nursing practice. B: Nurse generalists cannot independently order medications based on tests; this is typically done by a physician or under their supervision. D: While nurses can contribute to assessing and documenting a client's condition, diagnosing medical conditions is typically done by physicians.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Establish trust and rapport. Patient-centered interview techniques focus on building a trusting relationship with the patient, which is crucial when discussing sensitive topics like abuse. Sitting near the patient helps create a sense of closeness and comfort, facilitating open communication. Trust and rapport are essential for the patient to feel safe enough to disclose abuse. Asking lots of questions (B) may feel intrusive and overwhelming for the patient. Interrupting the patient's story (C) can disrupt the flow and hinder the patient's ability to express themselves fully. Utilizing closed-ended questions (D) may limit the information shared and inhibit a deeper understanding of the patient's situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Asking "What brings you into the hospital today?" is most helpful as it allows the patient to express their immediate concerns and reasons for admission. Step 2: This question helps establish rapport, gather important information, and set the tone for the assessment. Step 3: Understanding the patient's presenting issues is crucial for providing appropriate care and intervention. Step 4: The other options are not as relevant for the initial assessment as they focus on past psychiatric history, suicidal ideation, or unrelated personal relationships. Summary: Option B is the correct choice as it focuses on the current situation, which is crucial for the initial assessment, while the other options are less relevant for gathering immediate, pertinent information.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because biological theory emphasizes that mental illnesses have biological origins, reducing the misconception that they are solely due to personal weakness or character flaws. This understanding decreases stigma by promoting the view that mental illnesses are medical conditions that can be treated. Choice A is incorrect as there is no universal cure for all psychiatric disorders. Choice B is incorrect as medication is not the only treatment option, and not all clients may need or benefit from medication. Choice C is incorrect as providers' compassion is not directly related to biological theory but rather to their individual attitudes and training.