A parent of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux is being taught by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Position the infant upright after feedings. This instruction is crucial in managing gastroesophageal reflux in infants. By keeping the infant upright after feedings, gravity helps to keep the stomach contents down and reduces the likelihood of reflux. This position also aids in digestion and decreases the chances of regurgitation and aspiration. Option A) offering feedings every 2 hours can exacerbate reflux by overloading the stomach with too much food, leading to increased reflux episodes. Option C) feeding the infant thickened formula is not recommended as it can increase the risk of aspiration and does not address the underlying issue of reflux. Option D) placing the infant in a prone position after feedings is dangerous as it increases the risk of aspiration and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). In the educational context, it is important for nurses to provide evidence-based instructions to parents on how to manage gastroesophageal reflux in infants. By explaining the rationale behind positioning the infant upright after feedings, nurses empower parents to actively participate in their child's care and promote positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The healthcare provider should recommend applying antibiotic ointment to the lesions to prevent the spread of infection and facilitate healing. Antibiotic ointment helps combat the bacterial infection associated with impetigo and supports the skin's recovery process. This approach aids in reducing symptoms, preventing complications, and promoting a quicker resolution of the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The priority finding to report for a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia is petechiae. Petechiae indicate a low platelet count, which increases the risk of bleeding. Therefore, the healthcare provider should promptly report petechiae to initiate appropriate interventions to prevent bleeding complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, providing education to parents is crucial for the proper care of their children. In the case of diaper dermatitis, the correct instruction for the nurse to include is option B: Expose the baby's skin to air. This is because allowing the baby's skin to be exposed to air helps in promoting healing and preventing further irritation by keeping the area dry and reducing moisture which can exacerbate the dermatitis. Option A is incorrect as using baby wipes that contain alcohol can further irritate the baby's sensitive skin and worsen the dermatitis. Option C is also wrong as using a blow dryer on the warm setting can be too harsh on the baby's delicate skin and may cause further irritation. Option D, giving the baby a bath once a week, is not the best instruction for diaper dermatitis. Frequent bathing can strip the skin of its natural oils and disrupt the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to irritation. Educational context should emphasize the importance of gentle skin care practices, keeping the diaper area clean and dry, and using barrier creams to protect the skin. Encouraging open communication with healthcare providers for ongoing support and guidance is also essential for parents caring for infants with dermatitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct test for an x-ray examination of the bladder and urethra before and during micturition is a voiding cystourethrogram. This procedure allows visualization of the bladder and urethra while the patient is urinating to assess for any abnormalities in the anatomy or function of these structures.