A parent of a child with oral candidiasis is being taught by a nurse. Which statement by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Boiling the nipples and pacifiers for 20 minutes each day is an appropriate measure to prevent reinfection of oral candidiasis. This practice helps eliminate the Candida fungus from these items, reducing the risk of the child getting reinfected. It is crucial for the parent to follow this hygienic practice consistently to ensure the child's recovery and prevent the spread of the infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because an undescended testicle can reduce fertility. Even after surgical correction (orchiopexy), fertility rates may be reduced, especially when one testis remains undescended. The statement in choice B is incorrect as the testicle should have descended into the scrotum by the time the infant is 4-6 months old. While choice C is true that surgical correction can reduce the risk of testicular tumors, the question focuses on the father's understanding of the information presented, which is better reflected in choice A. Choice D is incorrect because the optimal time for surgical correction of an undescended testicle is typically around 6-18 months of age, not necessarily at the time of diagnosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis typically develops 1 to 3 weeks after a streptococcal infection, such as a sore throat, which triggers an allergic-type response that affects the glomeruli's function. This immune response leads to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, resulting in acute glomerulonephritis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis. Surgical repair is the primary treatment for hypospadias and is usually recommended to be done before 18 months of age. This timing is preferred for optimal cosmetic and functional outcomes. Waiting until preschool age for corrective surgery may increase the complexity of the procedure and potential complications. Correcting hypospadias does not impact the risk of testicular cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, choosing the least damaging urinary diversion procedure for an adolescent is crucial to their physical and psychosocial well-being. In this scenario, option B) Ileal conduit is the correct choice. An ileal conduit involves creating a stoma using a small piece of the ileum, which diverts urine to an external pouch. This procedure is less damaging to body image because it allows for a more discreet and manageable way to collect urine. Adolescents can conceal the pouch under clothing, leading to less self-consciousness about their condition and better body image preservation compared to other options. Option A) Urostomy involves diverting urine through a stoma in the abdominal wall, which can be more visible and potentially impact body image negatively. Option C) Nephrostomy involves a tube directly from the kidney to the outside, which can also be cosmetically challenging and impact self-esteem. Option D) Suprapubic placement involves a catheter inserted above the pubic bone, which may still be visible and not as discreet as an ileal conduit. Educationally, understanding the psychosocial implications of different urinary diversion procedures in pediatric patients is essential for nurses caring for adolescents undergoing such surgeries. By choosing the least damaging option like an ileal conduit, nurses can support adolescents in maintaining a positive body image and overall well-being during a challenging time in their lives.