A parent calls the hospital hotline and is connected to the triage nurse. The caller proclaims: 'I found my child with odd stuff coming from the mouth and an unmarked bottle nearby.' Which of these comments would be the best tool for the nurse to determine if the child has swallowed a corrosive substance?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Asking the child if the mouth is burning or if there is throat pain helps determine if the child has swallowed a corrosive substance. Corrosive substances can cause burning sensations in the mouth and throat. This question directly addresses the symptoms associated with ingesting corrosive substances. Choice B is incorrect because taking the child's pulse and checking for breathing difficulties do not directly assess for ingestion of a corrosive substance. Choice C is incorrect because the color of the child's lips and nails and voiding status are not specific indicators of corrosive substance ingestion. Choice D is incorrect because vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps are common symptoms of various conditions and not specific to corrosive substance ingestion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The complexity of the client's condition. The charge nurse should consider this factor to ensure that each client receives appropriate care based on their individual needs. It is crucial to match the level of expertise and skills of the nursing personnel with the complexity of the client's condition to ensure safe and effective care. While preferences of the assigned nurse (B) and shift schedules of the personnel (C) are important considerations, they should not take precedence over the client's needs. Assignments should prioritize client safety and quality of care. The availability of unit resources (D) is also important, but it should not be the primary factor in making assignments. The complexity of the client's condition should guide resource allocation to ensure optimal care delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Autonomy Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make decisions about their own healthcare. In this case, the client is alert and oriented and has the right to decide to discontinue the ventilator. Respecting the client's autonomy is crucial in ethical healthcare practice. Continuing treatment against the client's wishes would violate the principle of autonomy. Veracity (A) refers to truthfulness, fidelity (C) to loyalty, and justice (D) to fairness, none of which are directly related to the client's right to make decisions about their own care in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because non-probability sampling methods do not ensure that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Non-probability sampling techniques rely on subjective judgment or convenience, leading to certain members having a higher chance of being selected. Option A is incorrect as it describes a characteristic of probability sampling. Option B is incorrect as non-probability sampling methods are not random. Option D is incorrect because non-probability samples may not be representative of the population due to the lack of randomness in selection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Bias in research refers to systematic errors that skew study results. 2. Systematic errors can occur due to flawed study design, participant selection, or data analysis. 3. These errors can lead to inaccurate conclusions and affect the validity of the research. 4. Randomizing participants (A) is a method to reduce bias, not the definition of bias. 5. Replicability (C) refers to the ability to repeat a study's findings, not bias. 6. Generalizability (D) pertains to how well findings apply to a larger population, not bias. Summary: Choice B is correct as bias is a systematic error that distorts study results, while the other choices do not accurately define bias in research.