A one-month-old patient, who has developmental dysplasia of the hip, is placed in a hip spica cast. The patient's mother expresses the desire to continue breastfeeding. What is the pediatric nurse's best response?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Breastfeeding can continue without significant changes; ensure proper positioning to accommodate the cast. This response is the best because breastfeeding is important for the infant's nutrition, bonding, and overall well-being. The hip spica cast should not hinder breastfeeding significantly if the mother is mindful of positioning to ensure comfort for both herself and the baby. Option A is not the best response as it only addresses positioning after breastfeeding, but does not affirm that breastfeeding itself can continue as normal. Option B is incorrect because it discourages breastfeeding without proper justification. Breastfeeding can still be done successfully with a hip spica cast in place. Providing this educational context is crucial for pediatric nurses to support and empower mothers to continue breastfeeding despite challenges such as a hip spica cast. It is essential to promote breastfeeding as the optimal feeding choice for infants whenever possible. Supporting mothers in overcoming obstacles helps to ensure the best outcomes for both the baby and the mother.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer for this question is option A) 7-8 kg weight increment/yr is not true for preschool children (3-5 years). Option A is incorrect because preschool children typically gain around 2-3 kg (4.4-6.6 lbs) per year, not 7-8 kg. Rapid weight gain is more common in infancy than during the preschool years. Preschool children are usually more active and their growth rate slows down compared to infants. Option B is correct as children usually have around 20 primary teeth erupted by the age of 3 years. This is a normal developmental milestone for preschoolers. Option C is incorrect as brain myelination, the process of forming a protective sheath around nerves, continues well beyond 8 years of age. Myelination is a crucial process for the proper functioning of the nervous system and continues into adolescence and early adulthood. Option D is incorrect because the average height increment per year for preschool children is around 6-7 cm, not 5-6 cm. The growth rate varies throughout childhood, with a rapid growth spurt typically occurring during adolescence. In an educational context, understanding the typical growth and development milestones of preschool children is essential for healthcare professionals working with this age group. By knowing what is considered normal for this age range, healthcare providers can monitor children's growth, detect any deviations from the norm, and provide appropriate interventions if needed. This knowledge also helps in educating parents and caregivers about what to expect in terms of physical growth during the preschool years.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer to the question "The child begins to understand right and left by the age of 5 years" is option C. Understanding right and left involves the development of spatial awareness and directionality, which is a complex cognitive skill that typically emerges around the age of 5 in children. At this age, most children have developed the neurological connections necessary to differentiate between right and left consistently. Option A (3 years) is incorrect because at age 3, children are still in the early stages of cognitive development and may not have fully grasped the concept of right and left consistently. Option B (4 years) is also incorrect because while some children may start to understand right and left at this age, it is more commonly mastered by age 5. Option D (6 years) is incorrect as by this age, most children should have already developed a clear understanding of right and left. In an educational context, understanding the typical developmental milestones related to spatial awareness in children is crucial for pediatric nurses. By knowing when children are expected to master concepts like right and left, nurses can better assess and support a child's cognitive development during health assessments and interventions. This knowledge also helps nurses communicate effectively with children and their caregivers, enhancing the quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) milk. Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that can be found in various sources. Swordfish, old teething powders, and quicksilver are all potential sources of mercury exposure. Swordfish is known to contain high levels of mercury due to bioaccumulation in large predatory fish. Old teething powders may have contained mercury prior to regulations banning its use in consumer products. Quicksilver is another term for elemental mercury, a common form of mercury found in certain products. In the context of pediatric health, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to be aware of potential sources of mercury exposure as children are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of mercury toxicity. Educating parents about these sources can help prevent accidental exposure and protect children from adverse health outcomes. Monitoring dietary intake, especially of fish known to have high mercury levels, and avoiding products like old teething powders can reduce the risk of mercury exposure in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 36 months old. This question assesses the developmental milestone of a child's fine motor skills and cognitive abilities. At around 36 months (3 years old), a child should be able to imitate construction of a bridge using 3 cubes, copy a circle, and make a tower of 10 cubes. This age signifies the stage of development where a child's fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and cognitive abilities have sufficiently progressed to perform these tasks. Option A) 24 months old is incorrect because at 2 years old, children typically do not have the fine motor skills and cognitive abilities to accomplish tasks as complex as building a tower of 10 cubes or copying a circle. Option B) 30 months old is also incorrect because although children at this age may start imitating construction of simple structures with blocks, they are unlikely to be able to copy a circle or make a tower of 10 cubes. Option D) 42 months old is incorrect as children at 42 months are typically more advanced in their fine motor skills and cognitive abilities than what is described in the question. By this age, they would be expected to perform more complex tasks than those outlined in the question. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them assess a child's growth and development, identify potential delays, and provide appropriate interventions or referrals when necessary. By knowing what is developmentally appropriate for each age group, healthcare providers can offer targeted support to promote optimal child development.