A nursing student is to provide a class presentation about interpersonal and psychoanalytic theories. As part of this presentation, the student is planning to address the major way these two categories differ. Which of the following would the student include as key to interpersonal theories?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Interpersonal theories focus on human relationships as central to understanding behavior. Step 2: These theories emphasize how individuals interact and communicate with others. Step 3: Understanding human relationships is key to developing interpersonal skills. Step 4: Instincts (B) and drives (C) are more related to psychoanalytic theories. Step 5: Potential for goodness (D) is not a defining characteristic of interpersonal theories. Summary: Choice A is correct as it aligns with the core focus of interpersonal theories, while the other choices are more aligned with psychoanalytic theories.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebellum maturation. The cerebellum is responsible for emotional regulation and cognitive functions. As it matures during adolescence, individuals gain better emotional and behavioral control. Limited executive function (A) would hinder rather than improve control. Cerebral stasis and hormonal changes (C) do not directly contribute to emotional regulation. A slight reduction in brain volume (D) would not necessarily lead to increased emotional and behavioral control.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because integrative care focuses on treating the whole person, including their body, mind, and spirit. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of these aspects in promoting overall health and well-being. Choice A is incorrect as it only mentions the physician's diagnosis and patient's response, neglecting the holistic approach of integrative care. Choice B is incorrect as it specifically mentions the nurse's ideas without addressing the broader perspective of integrating body, mind, and spirit. Choice D is incorrect as it prioritizes the diagnosis over addressing the spiritual aspect of care, which is essential in integrative medicine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: monitoring client treatment adherence. Nurses play a key role in ensuring patients comply with their treatment plans. This involves monitoring medication intake, therapy attendance, and following through with other recommended interventions. Nurses do not have the authority to prescribe medication (choice A) or perform surgical procedures (choice D). While some nurses may be trained in providing counseling, conducting psychotherapy sessions (choice B) is typically the role of licensed therapists or psychologists.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because waving fists, cursing, and shouting threats indicate aggressive and confrontational behavior, which are common signs of a behavioral crisis. This behavior poses a potential threat to others and requires immediate intervention. In contrast, choices B and C show distress or withdrawal, not crisis-level behavior. Choice D depicts an unusual behavior but does not necessarily indicate a crisis. In summary, the correct answer best aligns with the aggressive and threatening behavior typically seen in a behavioral crisis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because weight gain is a common side effect of clozapine. Monitoring weight is essential to catch any rapid weight gain, which could indicate potential metabolic issues. This instruction is crucial for the client's safety and well-being. A is incorrect because dry mouth is a common side effect of clozapine, but it is not typically necessary to keep a detailed record of the frequency and duration of this side effect. B is incorrect because changes in urine color are not typically associated with clozapine use. D is incorrect because experiencing drowsiness is a common side effect of clozapine and does not necessarily require discontinuation of the medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (08:00). Lithium blood levels are typically drawn 12 hours after the last dose to ensure accuracy. Since the nurse administered the dose at 8 PM, the blood level should be checked at 8 AM the next day for accurate monitoring and adjustment of the dosage. Option A (22:00) is too soon after administration, option B (00:00) is not 12 hours after administration, and option C (04:00) is also not 12 hours after administration. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate time for obtaining a lithium blood level.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: When setting limits, be specific and outline consequences. This is the most appropriate advice for working with patients with oppositional defiant disorder. By being specific and outlining consequences, the nurse establishes clear boundaries and expectations. This approach helps the patient understand the consequences of their actions and promotes accountability. Explanation of incorrect choices: A: Using a loud firm tone can escalate the situation and may trigger defensiveness in patients with oppositional defiant disorder. B: Using language beyond the patient's education level can lead to misunderstandings and hinder effective communication. D: An aggressive body language can be perceived as threatening and may worsen the patient's behavior, rather than gaining respect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Social skills training. This is the most effective intervention for a child engaging in bullying because it directly addresses the underlying behavior by teaching appropriate social behaviors and communication skills. Social skills training can help the child understand the impact of their actions, develop empathy, and learn how to interact positively with others. A: Psychoeducation may provide information about bullying but does not necessarily teach the child new skills to change their behavior. B: Bibliotherapy involves reading books to promote understanding, which may not be as effective as directly teaching social skills. C: Early intervention programs are important, but social skills training specifically targets the behavior of bullying and provides practical strategies for change.