A nursing instructor is preparing a presentation on the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. When discussing the role of neurotransmitters in the course of the disease, which of the following would the instructor most likely emphasize?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acetylcholine. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a decrease in acetylcholine levels in the brain, leading to cognitive decline. Acetylcholine plays a crucial role in memory and learning. Other neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are not as directly linked to Alzheimer's pathology. Serotonin is more associated with mood regulation, dopamine with reward and movement, and norepinephrine with arousal and stress response. Therefore, the instructor would emphasize acetylcholine due to its specific involvement in the disease process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: People can become aggressive and violent when their basic needs are threatened. In a disaster situation, individuals may experience fear, stress, and uncertainty, leading to heightened emotions and potential aggression. This response is a natural survival instinct when basic needs such as safety, shelter, and food are threatened. Anticipating this response allows the nurse to prepare for managing potential conflicts and ensuring the safety of both victims and responders. Choices B and C are incorrect because people involved in a disaster may prioritize their own survival and well-being before helping others, depending on the situation. Losses incurred during a disaster can have significant long-term effects on victims, such as trauma, grief, and financial hardship. Choice D is incorrect because the psychological distress associated with disasters may not always be immediately felt, as some individuals may initially be in a state of shock or disbelief before processing their emotions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Engaging in physical activity and exercise. Regular physical activity has been shown to have numerous benefits for mental health, including reducing the risk of anxiety and depression. Exercise helps release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. Additionally, staying physically active can improve self-esteem and cognitive function, both of which are important for overall mental well-being. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while they are important for overall health, they do not specifically target anxiety and depression prevention in middle-aged adults. Restricting sugar and fat intake, refraining from smoking or doing drugs, and becoming active in local church activities may have their own health benefits, but they are not as directly linked to preventing anxiety and depression as engaging in physical activity and exercise.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: echopraxia. Echopraxia is the behavior of mimicking someone else's movements. In this scenario, the client copying the provider's actions fits the definition of echopraxia. Echolalia (choice A) is the repetition of words or phrases, not movements. Stereotypy (choice C) refers to repetitive or ritualistic movements, not necessarily copying another person. Posturing (choice D) involves assuming and maintaining a rigid or bizarre posture, not mimicking movements like in the given scenario. Therefore, echopraxia is the most appropriate term to describe the client's behavior in this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methylergonovine. Methylergonovine is contraindicated in clients with preeclampsia due to its vasoconstrictive effects, which can further increase blood pressure and potentially worsen the condition. Misoprostol, Dinoprostone, and Oxytocin are appropriate medications for postpartum hemorrhage and do not have the same vasoconstrictive properties as Methylergonovine. Misoprostol helps reduce bleeding by causing uterine contractions, Dinoprostone is a prostaglandin used to induce labor or treat postpartum hemorrhage, and Oxytocin is a uterotonic agent that helps control bleeding after childbirth.