A nursing instructor is preparing a presentation about key events and people that influenced the development of contemporary mental health and illness care. When describing the effects of World War II, which of the following would the instructor include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: During World War II, many soldiers experienced mental health issues, leading to increased awareness and acceptance of mental illness as commonplace. Step 2: The societal impact of witnessing the psychological effects of war shifted attitudes towards mental health. Step 3: This increased acceptance paved the way for advancements in mental health care and reduced stigma. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it reflects the societal shift towards viewing mental illness as more common and acceptable. Summary: Choice B is incorrect as the biologic understanding of mental illness was not fully developed during World War II. Choice C is incorrect as deinstitutionalization was a later phenomenon, not directly related to the effects of World War II. Choice D is incorrect as the categorization of mental illnesses as psychoses or neuroses predates World War II and was not a direct effect of the war.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Social skills training. This is the most effective intervention for a child engaging in bullying because it directly addresses the underlying behavior by teaching appropriate social behaviors and communication skills. Social skills training can help the child understand the impact of their actions, develop empathy, and learn how to interact positively with others. A: Psychoeducation may provide information about bullying but does not necessarily teach the child new skills to change their behavior. B: Bibliotherapy involves reading books to promote understanding, which may not be as effective as directly teaching social skills. C: Early intervention programs are important, but social skills training specifically targets the behavior of bullying and provides practical strategies for change.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: When setting limits, be specific and outline consequences. This is the most appropriate advice for working with patients with oppositional defiant disorder. By being specific and outlining consequences, the nurse establishes clear boundaries and expectations. This approach helps the patient understand the consequences of their actions and promotes accountability. Explanation of incorrect choices: A: Using a loud firm tone can escalate the situation and may trigger defensiveness in patients with oppositional defiant disorder. B: Using language beyond the patient's education level can lead to misunderstandings and hinder effective communication. D: An aggressive body language can be perceived as threatening and may worsen the patient's behavior, rather than gaining respect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Social skills training. Clients with schizoid personality traits often struggle with forming and maintaining social relationships. Social skills training can help them improve their ability to interact with others, which is a key component of their care. Anger management training (B) is not typically a priority for clients with schizoid personality traits as they tend to avoid emotional expression. Relaxation techniques (C) may be helpful for managing anxiety but may not directly address the client's social difficulties. Coping skills training (D) is broad and may not specifically target the social deficits of clients with schizoid personality traits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: monitoring client treatment adherence. Nurses play a key role in ensuring patients comply with their treatment plans. This involves monitoring medication intake, therapy attendance, and following through with other recommended interventions. Nurses do not have the authority to prescribe medication (choice A) or perform surgical procedures (choice D). While some nurses may be trained in providing counseling, conducting psychotherapy sessions (choice B) is typically the role of licensed therapists or psychologists.