A nursing instructor is integrating Piaget's theory of cognitive development into the discussion of learning and mental health issues affecting adolescents. The instructor would identify this age group as in which stage?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Formal operations. Adolescents are typically in Piaget's formal operations stage, which occurs around ages 11 to adulthood. In this stage, individuals develop abstract thinking, logical reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and problem-solving skills. This stage allows adolescents to think about possibilities, consequences, and hypothetical situations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they correspond to earlier stages of cognitive development. Concrete operations (choice A) typically occur between ages 7 to 11, preoperational (choice B) between ages 2 to 7, and sensorimotor (choice D) from birth to 2 years old. These stages do not align with the cognitive abilities and characteristics of adolescents.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct diagnosis suspected in this case is C: schizophreniform disorder. This is because the client is experiencing psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and behavior for a period of five months. Schizophreniform disorder is characterized by similar symptoms to schizophrenia but with a duration of at least one month but less than six months. Delusional disorder (A) involves persistent delusions without other psychotic symptoms. Brief psychotic disorder (B) lasts less than one month. Schizophrenia (D) requires symptoms to be present for at least six months.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Formal operations. Adolescents are typically in Piaget's formal operations stage, which occurs around ages 11 to adulthood. In this stage, individuals develop abstract thinking, logical reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and problem-solving skills. This stage allows adolescents to think about possibilities, consequences, and hypothetical situations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they correspond to earlier stages of cognitive development. Concrete operations (choice A) typically occur between ages 7 to 11, preoperational (choice B) between ages 2 to 7, and sensorimotor (choice D) from birth to 2 years old. These stages do not align with the cognitive abilities and characteristics of adolescents.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: assessment. In the assessment stage of the nursing process, the nurse gathers information about the client's personal strengths, weaknesses, and resources. By identifying the client's strengths during assessment, the nurse can tailor the care plan to utilize these strengths effectively. Choice B: analysis, comes after assessment and involves interpreting the data collected. Choice C: planning, is where the nurse develops goals and interventions based on the assessment data. Choice D: implementation, is the stage where the nurse carries out the care plan developed during planning. These choices are incorrect as they occur after the assessment stage in the nursing process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ability to effectively activate coping strategies. This is crucial in assessing the client's ability to adapt to trauma. Coping strategies help individuals manage stress and trauma effectively. By assessing the client's coping strategies, the nurse can determine how well the client is able to deal with the psychological impact of the rape. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly assess the client's ability to adapt to the trauma through coping strategies. Body image disturbance (B) may be a concern but is not the primary focus immediately after a traumatic event. The type of affect reflected in nonverbal communication (C) and the degree of fear response (D) are important but do not directly measure the client's coping abilities. Therefore, A is the most relevant choice for assessing the client's adaptation to trauma in this context.