A nursing instructor is describing the DSM-IV-TR to a group of nursing students. Which of the following would the instructor include as the primary purpose of this classification?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a commonly understood diagnostic category for clinical practice. The DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) is primarily used to standardize the classification of mental disorders for diagnosis and treatment planning in clinical practice. It helps clinicians communicate effectively by providing a common language and set of criteria for diagnosing mental health conditions. Choice B is incorrect because the DSM-IV-TR focuses on classification rather than treatment modalities. Choice C is incorrect as the DSM-IV-TR does not focus on identifying etiologies based on family histories but rather on symptom criteria and patterns. Choice D is incorrect as the DSM-IV-TR does not provide specific optimal treatment outcomes but rather aids in accurate diagnosis and classification.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Albert Ellis. Albert Ellis is credited with being the first to develop cognitive therapy interventions through his creation of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). He emphasized the role of irrational beliefs and how they contribute to emotional distress. Freud (B) is known for psychoanalysis, not cognitive therapy. Aaron Beck (A) is known for developing Cognitive Therapy, a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. De Shazer and Berg (D) are associated with solution-focused brief therapy, not cognitive therapy. Therefore, choice C is correct as Albert Ellis pioneered cognitive therapy with his development of REBT.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Having the support of friends is important for mental health, but relying solely on two friends for support may not be sufficient. A well-rounded support system includes various sources such as family, mental health professionals, and community resources. This ensures diverse perspectives and availability of support in different situations. Choices A, B, and D are all valid measures to promote mental health. A: Nutritious foods provide essential nutrients for brain function. B: Relaxation helps reduce stress and promotes mental well-being. D: Sufficient sleep is crucial for mood regulation and cognitive function. Hence, choice C indicates a need for additional teaching on the importance of a comprehensive support network.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately distinguishes between bereavement and grief. Bereavement refers to the process of mourning, while grief refers to the emotional reaction to loss. This understanding shows comprehension of the concepts involved in coping with loss. Choice A is incorrect because grief and bereavement are not used interchangeably; they represent different aspects of the loss experience. Choice C is incorrect as grief and bereavement both involve confronting the stress and emotions related to loss. Choice D is incorrect as both bereavement and grief can be influenced by culture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA is not typically associated with the neurobiologic theories of depression. Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are neurotransmitters commonly implicated in depression. GABA is known for its role in anxiety disorders, not depression. Therefore, the need for additional teaching is identified when students select GABA as playing a role in depression.