A nursing instructor has prepared a lecture about the scope and standards of practice of psychiatric nurses. The instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify which of the following as common to both basic and advanced level practice?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case management. This is common to both basic and advanced level practice for psychiatric nurses because it involves coordinating care, advocating for patients, and ensuring continuity of services. Basic level nurses may handle simpler cases, while advanced level nurses may manage more complex cases. Choice B: Program development may be more common in advanced practice where nurses may be involved in creating new programs or services. Choice C: Clinical supervision is typically a responsibility of advanced practice nurses who oversee and guide other staff members. Choice D: Community interventions may also be more common in advanced practice where nurses may lead community-based initiatives.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Feelings. In the biopsychosocial model, the psychological domain focuses on the individual's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Assessing feelings allows the nurse to understand the patient's mental and emotional state, which is crucial in mental health care. Sleep patterns (A) fall under the biological domain, family functioning (C) falls under the social domain, and cultural groups (D) relate to the social and cultural aspects, not specifically the psychological domain. By assessing feelings, the nurse can gain insight into the patient's mental health and tailor interventions accordingly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Behavioral. Privilege systems involve using reinforcement and consequences to modify behavior, which aligns with behavioral theories. Behavioral theories focus on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Developmental theories focus on growth and maturation over time, humanistic theories emphasize self-actualization and personal growth, while cognitive theories focus on mental processes like perception and problem-solving. Therefore, the other choices are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the use of reinforcement and consequences in modifying behavior as seen in privilege systems.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Self-direction. In the context of recovery, self-direction refers to the patient's ability to actively participate in decisions regarding their care and treatment. By involving the patient in the decision-making process, the nurse is promoting the patient's autonomy and self-determination, which are key components of recovery in mental health. This approach empowers the patient to take control of their own recovery journey and promotes a sense of ownership over their treatment plan. Summary of other choices: B: Empowerment - While empowerment is related to self-direction, it focuses more on giving the patient the tools and resources to make informed decisions rather than actively involving them in the decision-making process. C: Person-centered - This choice emphasizes tailoring care to the individual's unique needs and preferences, which is important in recovery but not specifically related to the patient's active participation in decision-making. D: Holistic - This choice pertains to considering all aspects of the patient's well-being, including physical,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case management. This is common to both basic and advanced level practice for psychiatric nurses because it involves coordinating care, advocating for patients, and ensuring continuity of services. Basic level nurses may handle simpler cases, while advanced level nurses may manage more complex cases. Choice B: Program development may be more common in advanced practice where nurses may be involved in creating new programs or services. Choice C: Clinical supervision is typically a responsibility of advanced practice nurses who oversee and guide other staff members. Choice D: Community interventions may also be more common in advanced practice where nurses may lead community-based initiatives.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because competency involves the ability to communicate one's choices. Competency is determined by the patient's capacity to understand information, make reasoned decisions, and communicate preferences. This enables the patient to actively participate in their healthcare decisions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because speaking coherent English, writing a living will, and complying with a medical regimen do not solely demonstrate competency in decision-making and communication of choices. These actions may be important but do not encompass the full scope of competency in the context of psychiatric-mental health nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because speaking to the patient in his native language may not always guarantee effective communication. The patient may have acculturated to English and prefer to communicate in English. It is important to assess the patient's language preference first. Demonstrating genuine interest (A) is important for building trust. Avoiding assumptions (B) helps prevent stereotyping. Acquiring information about the patient's country (D) can enhance understanding of the patient's background.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limited access to care. Rural cultures often face barriers such as distance to healthcare facilities, shortage of mental health professionals, and lack of transportation. This limits their ability to access mental health services. Choice B is incorrect as lack of resources usually refers to financial resources, not necessarily availability of mental health services. Choice C is incorrect as geographical similarities do not directly impact the use of mental health services. Choice D is incorrect as diverse cultural groups may actually contribute to a greater awareness and acceptance of mental health services within rural cultures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. The nurse is integrating this theory by demonstrating behaviors for the patient to develop through observational learning and modeling. Bandura's theory emphasizes that individuals learn by observing others and imitating their behaviors. The treatment team is likely using this approach to encourage the patient to adopt positive behaviors by showcasing them through the nurse's actions. Incorrect Choices: A: Erikson’s model of psychosocial development - This theory focuses on stages of psychosocial development and identity formation, not on observational learning or modeling. C: Skinner’s operant conditioning - This theory revolves around reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior, which is different from the observational learning emphasized in the scenario. D: Freud’s psychoanalytic model - This theory is based on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, not on observational learning and modeling as seen in the nurse's behavior.