A nurse would like to include holistic nursing care in her nursing practice. Which of the following actions must the nurse take first?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of holistic nursing care, engaging in self-exploration (Option B) is the most crucial first step for a nurse. This process allows the nurse to develop self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and a deeper understanding of their own beliefs, biases, and values. By embarking on self-exploration, the nurse can cultivate empathy, compassion, and genuine therapeutic relationships with patients, essential components of holistic care. Option A, learning a specific therapy method, may be important but should come after the nurse has engaged in self-exploration to ensure that the chosen therapy aligns with their values and beliefs. Option C, exploring various complementary therapies, is valuable but can be overwhelming without a solid foundation of self-awareness. Option D, asking the person about therapy preferences, is premature as the nurse first needs to understand themselves before being able to effectively support others in their healing journey. In an educational context, this question highlights the significance of self-awareness and personal growth in providing holistic nursing care. It emphasizes that effective holistic care begins with the nurse's internal exploration and understanding, paving the way for genuine connections and comprehensive healing approaches for patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Kohlberg's theory of moral development is based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development because Kohlberg built upon Piaget's work on how individuals develop their thinking processes. Piaget focused on the cognitive aspects of development, proposing that children progress through stages of cognitive growth. Similarly, Kohlberg applied this concept to moral development, suggesting that individuals also progress through distinct stages of moral reasoning. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is focused on different stages of psychosocial crises individuals face throughout their lifespan, not specifically on moral development. Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural influences on cognitive growth, which is different from Kohlberg's focus on moral reasoning stages. Gilligan's theory of moral development, on the other hand, emphasizes gender differences in moral development, which is a separate aspect compared to Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning that are not gender-specific. Understanding the connection between Kohlberg's theory of moral development and Piaget's theory of cognitive development is essential for educators and healthcare professionals to grasp how individuals progress through moral reasoning stages based on their cognitive abilities. This knowledge can inform interventions and strategies aimed at promoting ethical decision-making and moral development in various healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: Availability of a well-balanced diet. This is the most relevant item to discuss when educating new parents about normal growth and development for their child. A well-balanced diet is crucial for supporting a child's physical and cognitive development, immune system function, and overall health. Proper nutrition plays a significant role in ensuring that children reach their growth milestones and maintain optimal health. Option A, Trends in childhood obesity, while important, is not directly related to discussing normal growth and development with new parents. While obesity is a concern, focusing on prevention through a well-balanced diet would be more beneficial in this context. Option C, Exposure to lead-based paint, is important for discussing environmental hazards that can impact a child's health but is not directly related to growth and development in the context of this question. Option D, Height/weight of relatives, may provide some insight into potential genetic factors influencing a child's growth, it is not as immediately actionable or relevant for discussing normal growth and development as ensuring the child has access to a well-balanced diet. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of nutrition in supporting children's growth and development. It emphasizes the role of healthcare providers, such as nurses, in educating parents about essential factors that contribute to a child's overall well-being and the significance of early interventions through promoting healthy dietary habits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the progression of labor, the correct sequence is dilation stage, pushing stage, placental stage, and then the recovery stage. This sequence is based on the physiological process of childbirth. The dilation stage involves the opening of the cervix to allow the baby to move through the birth canal. The pushing stage follows as the mother actively pushes to help deliver the baby. The placental stage occurs after the baby is born, where the placenta is expelled from the uterus. Finally, the recovery stage is when the mother and baby are monitored for any complications and the mother's body begins to return to its pre-pregnancy state. Option A is incorrect because there is no pressure stage in labor; it is likely a distractor to confuse test-takers. Option B is incorrect as the pain stage is not a recognized stage of labor. Option D is incorrect because the refractory stage is not a term used in the context of labor progression. Understanding the sequence of labor stages is crucial for nurses caring for women in labor as it helps them anticipate and provide appropriate care during each phase of childbirth. This knowledge ensures safe and effective management of labor and delivery, promoting positive outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the psychosocial aspects of maternal bonding is crucial for promoting infant well-being. Option B, "A mother who feels great about herself will show love toward the infant and bond appropriately," is the correct choice. This option aligns with research indicating that maternal self-esteem and emotional well-being positively impact the mother-infant bond. When a mother feels positive about herself, she is more likely to exhibit nurturing behaviors and form a secure attachment with her child. Options A, C, and D present misconceptions about maternal bonding. Option A implies that a mother's need for love from her infant drives bonding, which can lead to unrealistic expectations and potential issues in the mother-infant relationship. Option C suggests that a mother initially feeling empty will bond once she holds the baby, overlooking the complex nature of bonding that extends beyond physical contact. Option D links maternal bonding to the mother's self-perceived physical appearance, which can undermine the multifaceted emotional and psychological components of bonding. Educationally, students need to grasp that maternal bonding is a multifactorial process influenced by emotional well-being, self-esteem, attachment styles, and past experiences. By debunking myths and emphasizing the importance of maternal self-image and emotional state in bonding, healthcare professionals can better support mothers in developing healthy relationships with their infants, ultimately promoting optimal child development and family well-being.