A nurse working with Mary Breckinridge would have likely assisted with: (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Breckinridge improved rural healthcare (B) and maternal outcomes (D) in Appalachia via nurse-midwives. Henry Street (A) was Wald’s, and Rockies (C) wasn’t her focus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Upstream thinking actions focus on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors that are the precursors of poor health throughout the world.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Although nursing theory does serve as a basis for ongoing research, does help demonstrate that nursing is a profession, and may help nurses organize their knowledge; its primary purpose is to improve nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Orem's theory emphasizes self-care not the need for nursing intervention. It assumes that the client can control his or her environment, whereas most persons cannot control work, school, or neighborhood environments. Orem's theory is focused on individual self-care. The primary focus of nursing practice is on self-care needs and activities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The HBM assumes that people have access to health resources, but such resources are not always available to certain groups. Economic, political, and environmental constraints interfere with free choice. The HBM may effectively promote behavior change by altering the patient's perspectives, but it does not acknowledge the health professional's responsibility to reduce health care barriers. The HBM places the burden of action exclusively on the client.