A nurse working in a community health clinic is caring for a middle-aged client who is being seen for a routine check-up. The nurse assesses the clients' vital signs, height, and weight and performs point-of-care glucose and cholesterol tests. After reviewing the results with the provider, the client is identified as being at an increased risk for developing diabetes. Which level of prevention does this visit reflect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting routine check-ups and identifying the client's risk for diabetes before the disease develops. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of a disease by promoting health and wellness through education, screenings, and risk factor reduction. The focus is on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place. Secondary prevention (B) involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent complications. Tertiary prevention (C) focuses on managing and improving outcomes for individuals already diagnosed with a disease. Quaternary prevention (D) involves preventing unnecessary interventions and providing harm-free care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, allowing advanced practice nurses full practice authority in all 50 states. This action would improve healthcare access by increasing the availability of healthcare providers, especially in underserved areas. Advanced practice nurses are highly skilled and can provide a wide range of healthcare services, helping to meet the growing demand for healthcare. This would result in shorter wait times for patients, increased access to primary care services, and overall improved healthcare outcomes. A, shifting health care reimbursement models to focus on health promotion initiatives, may improve preventive care but does not directly address access to care. B, addressing health care provider burnout, is important for provider well-being but does not directly impact access for clients. C, expanding a team-based approach to health care, may improve coordination of care but does not necessarily increase access to healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because social media is a powerful tool to reach teenagers and young adults, who are active users. Social media campaigns can engage the target population, provide interactive and engaging content, and create a sense of community support for quitting smoking. It is also cost-effective and can reach a large audience quickly. A: Distributing pamphlets may not be as engaging or effective in reaching the younger population who may not be as receptive to traditional forms of information dissemination. B: Hosting a community event is a good idea, but it may not be as effective in reaching the target population directly. Teenagers and young adults may not attend such events or may not engage actively. D: Providing financial incentives may not address the underlying reasons for smoking among teenagers and young adults. It may not lead to long-term behavior change and may not be sustainable in the long run.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Multiple bruises of different ages over the shins are common in active children and not necessarily indicative of abuse, whereas circular scars (e.g., cigarette burns), spiral fractures (twisting injuries), and femur fractures in non-ambulatory children are highly suggestive of inflicted trauma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: All 50 states require vaccinations for polio, diphtheria, rubella, and mumps, but some states allow exemptions or variations for measles, though it is still widely required. Measles is the most likely exception due to historical variation in mandates.