A nurse wants to empower the family of a mother who has been newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a newly diagnosed breast cancer patient, empowering the family is crucial for providing holistic care. The correct answer, "A) Teach the family how to navigate the health care system," is most appropriate because it promotes family involvement, education, and autonomy in decision-making. By educating the family on navigating the health care system, the nurse equips them with essential skills to actively participate in the patient's care, understand treatment options, and effectively communicate with healthcare providers. This not only empowers the family but also enhances the patient's support system, leading to better outcomes. Option B, "Take over all decision-making," is incorrect as it undermines the family's autonomy and does not promote empowerment. Encouraging family involvement and collaboration in decision-making is essential for fostering a supportive environment for the patient. Option C, "Provide financial support," while important in certain situations, does not directly address empowering the family in coping with the mother's breast cancer diagnosis. Financial support is a valuable aspect of care but may not be the most immediate need for empowering the family in this scenario. Option D, "Move in with the family," is inappropriate as it oversteps professional boundaries and does not necessarily empower the family. Encouraging the family to develop their skills and knowledge in navigating the healthcare system is a more effective way to empower them without compromising professional boundaries. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the significance of empowering families in healthcare settings. By providing education and support, nurses can enhance the overall well-being of patients and their families. Understanding the principles of empowerment, autonomy, and collaboration is crucial for delivering patient-centered care and promoting positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of family health interventions, it is essential to set realistic and feasible goals. The correct answer (A) emphasizes this point because setting unattainable goals can lead to disappointment and frustration, hindering the family's motivation to make sustainable changes. By setting achievable goals, the family is more likely to experience success and maintain their motivation throughout the process. Option B is incorrect as ongoing negotiation is a crucial aspect of the process of behavior change within a family unit. Negotiation allows for open communication, collaboration, and understanding among all family members, which are essential for successful outcomes in family interventions. Option C is incorrect because change rarely happens instantly, especially when it comes to behavior change within a family system. Change is a gradual process that requires time, effort, and consistency to see meaningful results. Option D is incorrect because it is important to acknowledge that setbacks and failures are a natural part of the change process. Families may face challenges and obstacles along the way, but these should be viewed as opportunities for learning and growth rather than as indicators of failure. In an educational context, emphasizing the importance of setting realistic goals, fostering open communication through negotiation, understanding the gradual nature of change, and normalizing setbacks can help students and practitioners better support families in their journey towards improved functioning and health. By understanding these principles, healthcare professionals can provide more effective and compassionate care to families in need of support.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 1,2,3,5. The World Health Organization (WHO) is dedicated to global health issues, including combating major diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrhoea. The eradication of smallpox is a significant historical achievement attributed to the WHO. This organization plays a crucial role in coordinating efforts to address these public health challenges on a global scale. Option A) 1,2,3 is incorrect because it excludes the fight against diarrhoea which is a key focus area for the WHO in addressing global health concerns. Option C) 1,3,4,5 is incorrect as quality testing of biological and pharmacological preparations is not a primary mandate of the WHO, rather it is typically handled by regulatory bodies. Option D) 2,3,4,5 is incorrect as it does not include the fight against malaria, which is one of the core areas of focus for the WHO. Educationally, understanding the functions and priorities of international health organizations like the WHO is crucial for students pursuing careers in public health. This question highlights the key areas of focus for the WHO and emphasizes the importance of addressing major global health challenges through coordinated efforts and strategic interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, to report the suspected infectious disease within 24 hours to the state county sanitary inspector relevant for the place of suspicion. This is the right course of action because the symptoms described, along with the presence of Koplik's spots, indicate a high likelihood of measles, which is a notifiable disease in Poland. Prompt reporting is crucial for timely intervention and preventing the spread of the disease within the community. Option A is incorrect because waiting 48 hours to report could lead to delays in implementing necessary public health measures. Option C is irrelevant as referring the patient to a periodontist for consultation does not address the public health aspect of notifying authorities about a potential infectious disease outbreak. Option D, asking the patient about recent travel or contact with measles, is important for clinical assessment but does not fulfill the legal obligation of reporting to the sanitary inspector as required by the Act. In an educational context, understanding the legal obligations and public health protocols related to infectious diseases is essential for healthcare professionals. This knowledge ensures timely and appropriate responses to suspected cases, contributing to disease control and prevention efforts in the community. It highlights the importance of swift action in notifiable disease situations to protect public health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) children's injuries resulting from falls in the playground because the Haddon Matrix is specifically designed to address and analyze factors related to injury prevention. When looking at children's injuries from falls in the playground, the Haddon Matrix helps identify pre-event, event, and post-event factors that contribute to these accidents. By using this tool, public health professionals can develop comprehensive strategies to prevent such injuries by addressing factors such as environment design, supervision, and child behavior. Option A) cardiovascular diseases is incorrect because the Haddon Matrix is not tailored for analyzing chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases. It is more focused on acute events like injuries and accidents. Option C) locomotor organ diseases is also incorrect as the Haddon Matrix is not designed to analyze diseases related to the musculoskeletal system. It is more suited for injury prevention scenarios. Option D) drinking water contamination is not the focus of the Haddon Matrix, as it deals with injury prevention rather than environmental health issues related to water contamination. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate use of tools like the Haddon Matrix is crucial for public health practitioners and policymakers to effectively address injury prevention. By correctly applying tools like these, professionals can develop evidence-based interventions to reduce the burden of injuries, especially among vulnerable populations like children. This knowledge is essential for creating safer environments and promoting overall community well-being.