ATI RN
Hematological drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse treating a patient with beclomethasone prescription must understand that
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) glucocorticoids can cause suppression of adrenal gland function. Beclomethasone is a glucocorticoid medication used to treat various inflammatory conditions, including asthma. Glucocorticoids, such as beclomethasone, can lead to suppression of the adrenal gland function by inhibiting the production of natural cortisol. This can result in adrenal insufficiency if the medication is abruptly stopped or if high doses are used for a prolonged period. Option B) b2 adrenergic agonists are not associated with adrenal gland suppression. These medications are commonly used as bronchodilators in asthma treatment but do not affect adrenal gland function. Option C) a 1 adrenergic antagonists are also not known to cause suppression of adrenal gland function. These medications are used for conditions like hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia but do not impact the adrenal glands. Option D) adrenal gland function is indeed affected by beclomethasone, as explained earlier. Therefore, this option is incorrect. Understanding the effects of medications on the body, like glucocorticoids on adrenal function, is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Nurses need to monitor for signs of adrenal insufficiency in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy and be aware of the potential impact on the adrenal glands to prevent complications. This knowledge ensures that nurses can advocate for appropriate monitoring and management to optimize patient outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse receives instructions to monitor electrolyte levels and administer supplements as needed to an edematic patient taking Prednisone because
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) concurrent use of potassium-depleting diuretics increases the risk of hypokalemia. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can lead to sodium and fluid retention, causing edema. In the presence of edema, healthcare providers often prescribe potassium-depleting diuretics to manage fluid overload. This combination can result in potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring electrolyte levels, especially potassium, is crucial in patients taking Prednisone to prevent adverse effects like cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. Option B) is incorrect because NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are not directly related to electrolyte imbalances caused by Prednisone. NSAIDs are more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues and renal effects. Option C) is incorrect as there is no direct interaction between glucocorticoids like Prednisone and hypoglycemic agents that would potentiate electrolyte depletion. Glucocorticoids primarily affect glucose metabolism and can lead to hyperglycemia in some cases. Understanding the potential interactions and side effects of medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure safe and effective patient care. Monitoring electrolyte levels, recognizing drug interactions, and knowing the implications of different drug therapies are essential components of nursing practice when caring for patients on hematological drugs like Prednisone.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis should understand that the expected pharmacological action of Acetylcysteine is to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In caring for a patient with Cystic Fibrosis, understanding the pharmacological action of Acetylcysteine is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer is A) thin and enhance the flow of secretions in the respiratory passages. Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that works by breaking down disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, reducing the viscosity of mucus and facilitating its clearance, thus improving airflow and oxygenation in the respiratory passages of patients with conditions like Cystic Fibrosis. Option B) dilate the upper respiratory passageways is incorrect because Acetylcysteine does not have bronchodilator properties. Option C) agonize respiratory b2 adrenergic receptors is incorrect as Acetylcysteine does not act on adrenergic receptors. Option D) antagonize a1 cholinergic receptors is incorrect as Acetylcysteine does not have cholinergic antagonist properties. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological actions of medications used in respiratory conditions like Cystic Fibrosis is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Knowing how Acetylcysteine works allows nurses to anticipate its effects, monitor for therapeutic outcomes, and recognize and manage any potential side effects or adverse reactions, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
Guaifenesin promotes increased cough production by increasing and thinning mucous secretions. These actions allow patients to decrease chest congestion by coughing out secretions by which of the following mechanisms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Guaifenesin is an expectorant and has mucolytic properties. Explain why the correct answer is right: Guaifenesin works as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of respiratory tract secretions. This helps to loosen and thin out mucus in the airways, making it easier for patients to cough out the secretions and alleviate chest congestion. Explain why others are wrong: B) Guaifenesin is not a bronchodilator with beta-adrenergic properties. It does not work by dilating the airways to improve airflow. C) Guaifenesin is not an anti-inflammatory drug that suppresses airway mucus production. Its mechanism of action is not related to anti-inflammatory properties. D) Guaifenesin is not a leukotriene modifier that reduces airway edema. It does not target leukotrienes or edema in the airways. Educational context: Understanding the mechanism of action of guaifenesin is crucial in the management of respiratory conditions such as cough and chest congestion. By knowing how guaifenesin works as an expectorant and mucolytic agent, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions when recommending this medication to patients with respiratory issues.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs are used in patients who have acute and chronic pulmonary disorders exacerbated by large amounts of secretions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patients with acute and chronic pulmonary disorders exacerbated by large amounts of secretions, the correct drug class to use is mucolytics (Option A). Mucolytics work by thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, making it easier for patients to cough up and clear the secretions. This helps in improving breathing and reducing the risk of respiratory complications. Glucocorticoids (Option B) are anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used to reduce inflammation in conditions like asthma and COPD but do not directly address the issue of excessive secretions in the airways. Beta adrenergic antagonists (Option C) are primarily used to treat conditions like asthma by relaxing the muscles around the airways, but they do not specifically target mucus clearance. Antihistamines (Option D) are used to relieve allergy symptoms but do not have a direct impact on mucus production or clearance. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate use of different classes of drugs in respiratory conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in settings where patients with pulmonary disorders are common. Knowing the specific mechanisms of action of mucolytics and how they differ from other respiratory medications helps in making informed clinical decisions to improve patient outcomes.