A nurse teaches an older woman who has a decreased production of estrogen. Which statement would the nurse include in this client’s teaching to decrease injury?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Daily exercise, such as walking, helps improve bone density and strength, reducing the risk of falls and fractures in older women with decreased estrogen production. Walking also helps maintain muscle strength and balance. A: Drinking fluids is important for overall health but does not directly address decreasing injury in this scenario. C: Bathing the perineal area twice a day is important for hygiene but does not specifically address decreasing injury. D: Checking blood glucose levels is important for diabetes management but is not directly related to decreasing injury in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D (Isoprenaline) is the correct answer: 1. Isoprenaline is a catecholamine because it has a catechol structure, which consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups. 2. Catecholamines are a class of neurotransmitters that include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. 3. Isoprenaline acts as a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulating both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. 4. Its pharmacological effects include increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and vasodilation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug but is not a catecholamine as it lacks the catechol structure. B. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as an alpha-adrenergic agonist,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Isoprenaline. Isoprenaline directly stimulates both β1 and β2 adrenoceptors. It is a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, leading to increased heart rate (β1 stimulation) and bronchodilation (β2 stimulation). Incorrect choices: A: Noradrenaline mainly acts on α-adrenoceptors. C: Salbutamol is a selective β2 agonist, not stimulating β1 receptors. D: Amphetamine primarily acts on catecholamine release and reuptake inhibition, not direct β-adrenoceptor stimulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoscine. Muscarinic receptors can be stimulated by Pilocarpine, Acetylcholine, and Neostigmine, as they are known agonists of muscarinic receptors. Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, blocking their stimulation. This makes it the exception among the listed drugs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Chronic tobacco smoking typically causes vasoconstriction, leading to increased blood pressure rather than hypotension. Peripheral vascular disease (A), cardiac arrhythmias (B), and increased gastric secretion (D) are common effects of chronic tobacco smoking due to the harmful impact on blood vessels, heart function, and gastrointestinal system.