A nurse should assess a client who has a megaloblastic anemia for indications of which of the following vitamin deficiencies?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Megaloblastic anemia is typically caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B12. Step 2: Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis. Step 3: Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency include anemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues. Step 4: Assessing for indications of Vitamin B12 deficiency is crucial for managing megaloblastic anemia. Summary: - Choice A (Vitamin C) is incorrect as it is not directly associated with megaloblastic anemia. - Choice B (Vitamin K) is incorrect as it is primarily involved in blood clotting, not red blood cell synthesis. - Choice D (Vitamin D) is incorrect as it is related to bone health and not directly linked to megaloblastic anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Deferoxamine. Deferoxamine is an iron chelator that binds to excess iron in the body and helps facilitate its excretion. In cases of iron toxicity, Deferoxamine is the treatment of choice as it helps remove the excess iron from the body. A: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose. B: Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen overdose by replenishing glutathione stores. C: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they are used to treat overdoses of benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and opioids respectively, not iron toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase in cytoplasm relative to the nucleus. In reactive states, lymphocytes undergo activation and proliferation, leading to an increase in cytoplasm as they synthesize proteins and organelles for cell division. This change is a characteristic feature of lympho-morphologic alterations in reactive states. A: Decrease in cytoplasm relative to the nucleus is incorrect because lymphocytes need to increase their cytoplasmic volume during activation. C: Increase in nucleus relative to the cytoplasm is incorrect as lymphocytes typically increase their cytoplasmic volume during proliferation. D: Decrease in size is incorrect because lymphocytes typically enlarge during activation and proliferation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palmer pallor. This is because pallor, especially on the palms (Palmer pallor), is a common sign of anemia due to the decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Insomnia (A) is not specifically associated with anemia. Fever (C) is not a typical symptom of anemia unless it is due to an underlying infection or inflammatory condition. Angina (D) is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, not a direct sign of anemia. In summary, Palmer pallor is the most relevant sign to indicate anemia, while the other choices are not directly related to this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stuart Prower factor, also known as Factor X. This coagulation factor is dependent on vitamin K for its synthesis. Vitamin K is essential for the post-translational modification of certain coagulation factors, including Factor X. Thromboplastin (A) is not a coagulation factor, but rather a tissue factor involved in the initiation of coagulation. Hageman factor (C) is Factor XII, which is not vitamin K-dependent. Proaccelerin (D) is also known as Factor V and is not vitamin K-dependent. In summary, only Stuart Prower factor (Factor X) is a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor among the choices provided.