Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it directly addresses the issue of time management during shift report by focusing on the essential tasks that need to be discussed. By starting with revisions to the plan of care and scheduled activities for the next shift, the nurse ensures that the most critical information is covered efficiently. This approach helps prioritize the discussion and prevent unnecessary time spent on non-essential topics. Option A is incorrect because limiting the discussion to just one movie does not address the overall time management issue during shift report. Option B is incorrect because discussing department store sales while walking between patient rooms may still lead to distractions and inefficiencies in the report. Option C is incorrect as it focuses on what went wrong during the shift rather than addressing the need for efficient time management during the report. The correct answer, D, is the most effective choice as it directly tackles the issue of time wasted during shift report by emphasizing the essential tasks that need to be covered.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because during the impact/response stage of a disaster, the main focus is on initiating immediate response activities to address the immediate needs of individuals affected by the disaster. This includes activities such as search and rescue, providing medical care, and establishing emergency shelters. Choice A is incorrect because community awareness and anticipation of disasters typically occur during the preparedness phase, not the impact/response stage. Choice B is incorrect because determining the effectiveness of DMAT is more relevant to the recovery phase of a disaster, not the immediate response phase. Choice C is incorrect because the all-hazards approach refers to a comprehensive strategy for addressing various types of disasters, but it does not specifically relate to the activities carried out during the impact/response stage of a disaster.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most effective nursing leadership style in a crisis like this is democratic. In this situation, collaboration and input from all team members are essential for quick decision-making and effective communication. Democratic leadership promotes teamwork, empowers staff, and fosters open communication, leading to better coordination and outcomes. Autocratic leadership may hinder staff engagement and morale. Laissez-faire lacks direction and may result in chaos during a crisis. Referent leadership focuses on personal relationships rather than team dynamics, not the most effective approach in this urgent situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: planned variances. Organizations compare actual revenues and expenditures to planned variances to measure budget effectiveness. Planned variances show the differences between the budgeted amounts and the actual results, highlighting areas of over or underperformance. This analysis helps organizations identify reasons for deviations and adjust future budgets accordingly. Explanation for other choices: B: Incremental budgets focus on adjusting previous budgets by a fixed amount, not on comparing actual versus planned amounts. C: Productivity metrics measure the efficiency of resources used, not specifically related to budget effectiveness. D: Expected performance is a vague term that does not directly address comparing actual versus planned financial data.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because World War I led to the introduction of specialized roles in nursing, such as nurse anesthetists, to address the increasing medical needs of soldiers. This advancement in nursing specialization improved the quality of care provided during the war and paved the way for future developments in healthcare. Choice A is incorrect because World War I actually increased the role of public health services to address the healthcare needs of the population during the war. Choice B is incorrect as the Red Cross primarily provided emergency medical care during the war, not long-term healthcare advancements. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct evidence that World War I specifically increased the number of community health nurses.