ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorder Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse provides health education for an adult with sleep deprivation. It is most important for the nurse to encourage caution when the patient engages in
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: driving a car. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function and reaction time, increasing the risk of accidents while driving. It is crucial for the nurse to emphasize caution during activities requiring alertness and quick decision-making. Using a vacuum cleaner (A) and cooking a meal (B) involve less risk compared to driving. Bathing (D) is a routine task that does not pose the same level of danger as driving. Encouraging caution during driving is essential to prevent potential harm to the patient and others.
Question 2 of 5
Normally, most people sleep at night. What is the physiological rationale?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the master biological clock, known as the circadian rhythm, responds to darkness by signaling the release of melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production increases in response to darkness, signaling the body that it is time to sleep. This process is crucial for maintaining a regular sleep pattern. B: Darkness actually stimulates the release of melatonin, not histamine, to promote sleep. C: Cooler temperatures may contribute to better sleep, but it is the response to darkness, not temperature, that primarily triggers sleep. D: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, which is not conducive to sleep.
Question 3 of 5
A 76-year-old man tells the nurse at the sleep disorder clinic, I awaken almost nightly in the midst of violent dreams in which I am defending myself against multiple attackers. Then I realize I have been hitting and kicking my wife. She has bruises. Which health problem is most likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. This disorder is characterized by vivid, violent dreams during REM sleep leading to physical movements or behaviors, such as hitting or kicking. In this case, the man's description of defending himself against attackers and then realizing he has been hitting his wife aligns with the symptoms of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. This disorder typically occurs in older adults and can result in harm to the individual or their sleep partner. - A: Sleep paralysis involves the inability to move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking up, not violent behaviors. - B: Night terror disorder involves sudden awakenings with intense fear or terror, not typically involving physical harm to others. - C: Sleep-related bruxism is the grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep, not associated with violent dreams or behaviors.
Question 4 of 5
A patient experiencing primary insomnia asks the nurse, I take a nap during the day. Doesn't that make up for a lost night's sleep? Select the nurse's best reply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Circadian drives refer to the body's internal clock regulating sleep-wake cycles. 2. Daytime naps disrupt this cycle, affecting the quality of nighttime sleep. 3. Nighttime sleep is essential for complete restorative functions like deep sleep stages. 4. Daytime naps may not provide the same physiological benefits as nighttime sleep. 5. Thus, the nurse's response highlights the structural differences between daytime naps and nighttime sleep, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing nighttime sleep for optimal rest and restoration. Summary: - Option B: While the body clock operates on a 24-hour cycle, it doesn't address the structural differences in sleep quality between daytime naps and nighttime sleep. - Option C: Habit and expectation are factors, but the physiological differences between daytime naps and nighttime sleep are more crucial. - Option D: While melatonin aids sleep, the focus here is on the structural differences between daytime naps and nighttime sleep.
Question 5 of 5
Which neurotransmitters are most responsible for wakefulness? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness by promoting alertness and arousal. It is released in response to stress or excitement, helping to keep the brain awake and focused. GABA (A) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleep. Acetylcholine (C) is involved in various cognitive functions but not specifically wakefulness. Dopamine (D) is more associated with motivation and reward processing rather than wakefulness. In summary, norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for wakefulness due to its role in promoting alertness and arousal.