ATI RN
Hematological System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse practitioner is assessing a patient who has a fever, malaise, and a white blood cell count that is elevated. Which of the following principles should guide the nurse's management of the patient's care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infection is the most likely cause of the patient's change in health status. Rationale: 1. Fever, malaise, and elevated WBC count are common signs of an infection. 2. These symptoms are indicative of the body's immune response to fight off pathogens. 3. Infections are a common cause of elevated WBC count and systemic symptoms. 4. Considering the patient's presentation, infection is the most probable diagnosis. Summary: A: Assessing for lymphoma is premature and not supported by the patient's symptoms. C: Signs and symptoms of leukemia typically involve other specific findings beyond those described. D: Diagnostic testing for multiple myeloma is not warranted based on the patient's presentation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who has been taking warfarin and is experiencing rectal bleeding. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, an anticoagulant medication that can cause bleeding. It promotes the production of clotting factors in the liver, helping to stop the bleeding. Filgrastim (A) is a medication used to increase white blood cell production, not relevant in this situation. Deferoxamine (B) is used to treat iron toxicity, not applicable here. Protamine (C) is the antidote for heparin, another anticoagulant, not warfarin.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse should assess a client who has a megaloblastic anemia for indications of which of the following vitamin deficiencies?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Megaloblastic anemia is commonly caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell production. A nurse should assess for symptoms like fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and neurological changes, as these are indicative of a Vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin C (A) deficiency leads to scurvy, Vitamin K (B) deficiency results in impaired blood clotting, and Vitamin D (D) deficiency causes issues like weak bones and muscle weakness, not megaloblastic anemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who is starting treatment with warfarin. The nurse should plan to include information on which of the following topics to promote the effectiveness of the drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dietary modifications. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting blood clotting factors, affected by vitamin K in the diet. Clients on warfarin need consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to maintain stable blood levels. A nurse should educate the client to have a steady intake of vitamin K-containing foods and avoid drastic dietary changes. Sleep, fluid, and driving modifications are not directly related to the effectiveness of warfarin.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking ferrous sulfate to treat iron deficiency anemia and develops iron toxicity. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to use to treat this complication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Deferoxamine. Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used to treat iron toxicity by binding with excess iron in the body and promoting its elimination through urine or feces. It is the specific antidote for iron poisoning. Flumazenil (A) is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose, acetylcysteine (B) is used to treat acetaminophen overdose, and naloxone (C) is used to reverse opioid overdose. These drugs are not appropriate for treating iron toxicity.