ATI RN
Hematological System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse practitioner is assessing a patient who has a fever, malaise, and a white blood cell count that is elevated. Which of the following principles should guide the nurse's management of the patient's care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infection is the most likely cause of the patient's change in health status. Rationale: 1. Fever, malaise, and elevated white blood cell count are classic signs of infection. 2. Infections are common causes of elevated white blood cell count. 3. Other choices (A, C, D) focus on specific conditions (lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma) that are less likely in this scenario. 4. It is important to consider the most common and likely cause first, which is infection in this case.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who has been taking warfarin and is experiencing rectal bleeding. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, leading to bleeding. Administering Vitamin K helps replenish these factors, aiding in clot formation and stopping the bleeding. Filgrastim (A) is a medication used to stimulate white blood cell production, unrelated to clotting. Deferoxamine (B) is a chelating agent used for iron toxicity, not for clotting issues. Protamine (C) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not warfarin.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse should assess a client who has a megaloblastic anemia for indications of which of the following vitamin deficiencies?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Megaloblastic anemia is typically caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B12. Step 2: Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis. Step 3: Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency include anemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues. Step 4: Assessing for indications of Vitamin B12 deficiency is crucial for managing megaloblastic anemia. Summary: - Choice A (Vitamin C) is incorrect as it is not directly associated with megaloblastic anemia. - Choice B (Vitamin K) is incorrect as it is primarily involved in blood clotting, not red blood cell synthesis. - Choice D (Vitamin D) is incorrect as it is related to bone health and not directly linked to megaloblastic anemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who is starting treatment with warfarin. The nurse should plan to include information on which of the following topics to promote the effectiveness of the drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dietary modifications. Warfarin interacts with vitamin K in the diet, so maintaining consistent levels of vitamin K intake is crucial for the effectiveness of the drug. The nurse should educate the client to consume a consistent amount of foods rich in vitamin K to ensure the warfarin dosage remains effective. Sleep modifications (A), fluid modifications (B), and driving modifications (C) are not directly related to the effectiveness of warfarin. Therefore, they are not the appropriate topics to include in the client education plan.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking ferrous sulfate to treat iron deficiency anemia and develops iron toxicity. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to use to treat this complication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Deferoxamine. Deferoxamine is an iron chelator that binds to excess iron in the body and helps facilitate its excretion. In cases of iron toxicity, Deferoxamine is the treatment of choice as it helps remove the excess iron from the body. A: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose. B: Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen overdose by replenishing glutathione stores. C: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they are used to treat overdoses of benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and opioids respectively, not iron toxicity.