A nurse on the day shift is preparing to change a client's total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution, but the new TPN solution has not arrived from the pharmacy. The client receives additional IV fat emulsion during the night shift. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hang dextrose 10% in water (D10W) until the TPN solution is delivered. This is the correct action because the client is dependent on TPN for nutrition and cannot go without it. D10W provides a source of glucose to prevent hypoglycemia until the TPN solution arrives. It is important to maintain the client's glucose levels to prevent complications. Choice B is incorrect because saline locking the IV catheter would not address the client's nutritional needs. Choice C is incorrect because hanging the IV fat emulsion solution alone would not provide the necessary nutrients that the client needs from the TPN solution. Choice D is incorrect because calling the provider for new TPN orders would delay the client from receiving essential nutrition. Hanging D10W is the most appropriate action to ensure the client's safety and well-being while waiting for the TPN solution to arrive.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Meissner's plexus. Meissner's plexus is located in the tunica submucosa and is responsible for controlling the movements of the muscularis mucosae. It regulates local blood flow, secretion, and absorption in the small intestine. Auerbach's plexus, located in the muscularis externa, controls the motility of the muscular layer. Myenteric plexus is another name for Auerbach's plexus. Solar plexus is a network of nerves located in the abdomen, not specifically related to the enteric plexus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults due to the severe damage it causes to the supporting structures of the teeth, such as the gums and bone. It leads to progressive destruction of the tissues surrounding the teeth, eventually resulting in tooth loss. Gingivitis (B) and pyorrhea (C) are stages of periodontal disease and not the primary cause of tooth loss. Dental caries (D) primarily affects the enamel and dentin of the teeth, leading to cavities, but it is not as common a cause of tooth loss in adults as periodontal disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: oblique smooth muscle. The stomach is unique in the GI tract because it contains an additional layer of muscle fibers called the oblique muscle layer. This layer allows for more efficient mixing and churning of food, aiding in digestion. Circular smooth muscle (choice A) and longitudinal smooth muscle (choice B) are present in various parts of the GI tract but are not unique to the stomach. Skeletal muscle (choice C) is not found in the stomach as the muscles responsible for its movement are smooth muscle.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: duodenum. The pancreas and liver release their secretions, such as pancreatic enzymes and bile, into the duodenum. This is because the duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where digestion primarily occurs. The stomach (A) is responsible for initial digestion of food, while the ileum (B) and jejunum (D) are parts of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients occurs, not secretion release.