ATI RN
Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse observes a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia tapping both feet, smacking both lips, and making contorted faces while speaking to another patient. These behaviors prompt the nurse to suspect the patient is experiencing:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements such as lip smacking, facial grimacing, and tapping feet. These symptoms are often seen in patients on long-term antipsychotic medications, like those used to treat schizophrenia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (choice A) presents with fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status. Parkinson syndrome (choice B) is characterized by tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Torticollis (choice D) is a condition where the neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing the head to twist or turn to one side.
Question 2 of 5
Before a patient receives triptans for the treatment of migraines, the nurse will assess for the presence of which condition, which is a contraindication if present?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiovascular disease. Triptans can cause vasoconstriction, potentially worsening cardiovascular conditions. Assessing for cardiovascular disease is crucial to prevent adverse effects. A: Hypotension is not a contraindication for triptans. B: Renal disease does not directly interact with triptans. C: Liver damage is not a direct contraindication for triptans.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing discharge teaching for a patient who will be taking digoxin (Lanoxin) therapy. The nurse will teach the patient to avoid which foods when taking the digoxin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Digoxin interacts with high-fiber foods like bran muffins, decreasing its absorption. Step 2: Bran muffins can reduce the effectiveness of digoxin, leading to subtherapeutic levels. Step 3: Avoiding bran muffins can help maintain optimal digoxin levels for therapeutic effect. Summary: A - Leafy greens are okay; B - Dairy products don't interact significantly; C - Grapefruit juice can interact with certain medications, but not digoxin.
Question 4 of 5
A patient in the neurologic intensive care unit is being treated for cerebral edema. Which class of diuretic is used to reduce intracranial pressure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osmotic diuretics. Osmotic diuretics, like mannitol, are commonly used in the neurologic ICU to reduce intracranial pressure by drawing water out of the brain tissue and into the bloodstream, thus decreasing cerebral edema. Loop diuretics (A) are more commonly used for conditions like heart failure and kidney disease, not specifically for cerebral edema. Thiazide diuretics (C) are primarily used for conditions like hypertension and edema related to heart failure, not for reducing intracranial pressure. Vasodilators (D) work by dilating blood vessels and are not typically used as the first-line treatment for cerebral edema.
Question 5 of 5
A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: Hydrophilic agents have low ability to penetrate through cell membrane lipids due to their polar nature. Lipids are hydrophobic, causing repulsion. This prevents direct diffusion of hydrophilic molecules across the lipid bilayer. This leads to the correct answer, A. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Endocytosis involves engulfing particles into cells, not typical for small hydrophilic molecules. C: The blood-brain barrier is selective and restricts the passage of hydrophilic substances. D: High reabsorption in renal tubules would apply to hydrophobic agents that can pass through lipid membranes easily, not hydrophilic agents.