A nurse notes a provider frequently arrives to the unit with bloodshot eyes and smells like alcohol after lunch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D: 1. Notify the nursing supervisor: This is the appropriate action to ensure patient safety and address the provider's behavior through the appropriate channels. 2. Counseling the provider (Option A) may not be effective as immediate action is needed. 3. Encouraging clients to change providers (Option B) does not address the underlying issue. 4. Informing the state medical board (Option C) could be premature without internal investigation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because washing hands thoroughly before and after client contact is the primary nursing intervention to limit transmission of a client's Salmonella infection. Handwashing is crucial in removing and preventing the spread of pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because gloves alone do not replace proper hand hygiene. Choice C is not the primary intervention and does not address overall hand hygiene. Choice D is also incorrect as wearing gloves during linen disposal does not address the root of transmission, which is hand contamination. In summary, handwashing is the most effective and fundamental measure in preventing the transmission of infections like Salmonella.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize the client's comfort and pain relief without causing harm. Administering the pain medication as needed aligns with this principle by addressing the client's suffering without intentionally hastening death. Utilitarianism (A) focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, which may not directly apply to the individual client's situation. Fidelity (C) pertains to keeping promises and being faithful, which is important but not the primary ethical principle in this case. Veracity (D) relates to truth-telling, which is also important but not the primary concern when addressing pain management in end-of-life care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse's refusal to disclose the surgeon's medical diagnosis upholds the ethical principle of nonmaleficence, which is to do no harm. By maintaining the surgeon's confidentiality, the nurse is protecting the surgeon from potential harm or breach of privacy. This action demonstrates respect for the surgeon's autonomy and promotes trust in the nurse-patient relationship. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Utility - Utility refers to maximizing benefits for the greatest number of people. In this scenario, the nurse's action does not relate to maximizing benefits. B: Paternalism - Paternalism involves making decisions for someone else's well-being without their consent. The nurse's action is not an example of paternalism as the surgeon's privacy is being respected. C: Justice - Justice involves fairness and equal treatment. The nurse's response does not directly relate to the ethical principle of justice in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deductive reasoning is applied in quantitative research as it involves drawing conclusions based on general principles or theories applied to specific instances. In quantitative research, hypotheses are tested using deductive reasoning to determine relationships between variables. Qualitative research (Choice A) relies on inductive reasoning to generate theories from specific observations. Action research (Choice C) focuses on improving practices within a specific context and does not necessarily involve deductive reasoning. Applied research (Choice D) aims to solve practical problems but may use a combination of deductive and inductive reasoning depending on the research design.