A nurse needs to begin discharge planning fora patient admitted with pneumonia and a congested cough. When is the besttime the nurse should start discharge planningfor this patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best time for a nurse to start discharge planning for a patient admitted with pneumonia and a congested cough is upon admission. Starting discharge planning early allows the healthcare team to identify the patient's needs, plan for the appropriate level of care, and ensure a smooth transition out of the hospital. Waiting until right before discharge or after the congestion is treated may lead to rushed or incomplete planning, potentially compromising the patient's recovery and post-discharge care. Additionally, discharge planning is not dependent on the primary care provider writing an order, as nurses can initiate teaching and planning proactively to support the patient's optimal recovery and transition. By beginning discharge planning upon admission, the healthcare team can address any potential barriers to discharge and ensure the patient's needs are met for a successful recovery process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate action for a patient with H. pylori is to encourage completion of antibiotic therapy. H. pylori is a bacterium that causes peptic ulcers, and treatment involves a combination of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Antibiotic therapy is crucial in eliminating the bacteria and preventing complications such as recurrent ulcers or stomach cancer. Therefore, the nurse should prioritize ensuring that the patient completes the prescribed course of antibiotics to effectively treat the H. pylori infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are a class of antiretroviral medications typically recommended to be taken without regard to meals. This means that these medications can be taken with or without food. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding the timing of medication administration. Taking NRTIs without regard to meals helps ensure consistent absorption of the medication and can help maintain steady drug levels in the body. There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with NRTIs in terms of meal timing or composition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: One of the key advantages associated with a nursing clinical information system is the reduction of errors of omission. By using an electronic system that prompts for required data entry and ensures completeness of documentation, nurses are less likely to miss important information, leading to improved patient care and safety. This advantage helps in promoting efficient communication among healthcare providers and contributes to better decision-making processes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take when observing the surgical dressing saturated with serosanguineous drainage is to reinforce the dressing and reassess in 1 to 2 hours. Serosanguineous discharge is a common type of drainage following surgery, as it is a mixture of blood and serum. It is expected in the early stages of wound healing and does not necessarily indicate infection. By reinforcing the dressing and closely monitoring the drainage over the next couple of hours, the nurse can assess if the amount of drainage is decreasing or escalating. If there are any signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, swelling, or excessive purulent discharge, then the nurse should notify the physician promptly. Until then, it is appropriate to continue observing and managing the drainage within the expected range.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Radical trachelectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the cervix while preserving the uterus. This procedure is often offered to young women diagnosed with early-stage cervical cancer who wish to preserve their fertility and have children in the future. By removing the cervix and part of the upper vagina, while leaving the uterus intact, radical trachelectomy offers these patients a chance at preserving their ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term. It is a fertility-sparing option in the management of cervical cancer, particularly in younger patients like the 25-year-old mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A fibroadenoma is a benign breast tumor commonly found in young women. In most cases, a fibroadenoma does not require radiation therapy. However, the patient might be referred for a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and rule out any potential malignancy. While fibroadenomas can be related to hormonal changes in the body, they are not directly linked to the use of oral contraceptives. Recognizing this implication of the patient's diagnosis is essential for providing appropriate care and follow-up.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Black or tarry stools can be caused by certain medications and supplements, such as iron supplements. Since the fecal occult test is negative, it indicates that bleeding is not occurring. Therefore, in this situation, it is important to consider factors that can affect the color of stool, including iron supplementation. Addressing this question can help determine the cause of the black stool and provide appropriate guidance or reassurance to the patient. This response shows a comprehensive understanding of potential causes and demonstrates a thoughtful approach in addressing the patient's concern.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: According to Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competency, a nurse should focus on the following components to become culturally competent: