A nurse manager wants to implement a new policy on the unit. What is the first step in the change process according to Lewin's Change Theory?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Unfreeze the system. According to Lewin's Change Theory, the first step in the change process is to unfreeze the current state or system to prepare for change. This involves creating awareness of the need for change, addressing any resistance, and establishing a sense of urgency. Moving the system to a new level (choice B) and refreezing the system (choice C) are subsequent steps in the change process after unfreezing. Evaluating the system (choice D) comes later in the process to assess the effectiveness of the change implemented. Therefore, unfreezing the system is the critical initial step to facilitate successful change implementation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because wandering is not typically associated with violent behavior. Tense shoulders and clenched fists (B), blank stare (C), and positioned with one foot in back and an arm pulled back (D) are commonly observed behaviors before a person becomes violent. Tense shoulders and clenched fists indicate agitation, a blank stare can indicate aggression, and the specific body positioning described in D suggests readiness for physical aggression. Wandering, however, is more likely to indicate confusion or aimlessness rather than impending violence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Candidates. Candidates are individuals who are running for election and seeking to be elected to a specific position. They are the ones whose names appear on the voting ballot for voters to choose from. Representatives (A) are individuals who have already been elected to represent a group or constituency. Bargaining agents (C) are individuals who negotiate on behalf of others, typically in labor relations. The electorate (D) refers to all the eligible voters in a particular election, not the individuals who are running for election. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it specifically identifies the individuals seeking election on a voting ballot.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Selye's stress theory, also known as the General Adaptation Syndrome, consists of 3 stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Long-term stress leads to exhaustion as the body's resources are depleted, making a person more susceptible to illnesses. Option A is correct as it aligns with this theory. Option B is incorrect as prolonged stress weakens the body, not makes it stronger. Option C is incorrect because stress does not necessarily lead to increased assertiveness. Option D is unrelated to Selye's stress theory.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assuming each other's characteristics. In mentoring relationships, the mentor provides guidance, support, and knowledge to the mentee. The mentee learns from the mentor's experience and expertise, but they should not aim to assume the mentor's characteristics. The mentee should develop their own skills and strengths, not mimic the mentor. This is important for the mentee's professional growth and individuality. Choices A, C, and D are all positive outcomes of mentoring relationships, as they focus on achieving goals, building interdependence, and enhancing self-esteem through support and learning.