A nurse is working with a patient who has a history of substance abuse. Which goal would be most appropriate for the nurse to focus on during the initial phase of care?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assisting the patient in developing healthy coping mechanisms is essential in the initial phase of care for a patient with a history of substance abuse. This goal focuses on providing the patient with alternative ways to manage stress and triggers, which can help prevent relapse. It also empowers the patient to address underlying issues contributing to substance abuse. Choice B is incorrect because focusing solely on understanding long-term effects may not address the immediate needs of the patient. Choice C is incorrect as complete abstinence is a long-term goal and may not be realistic in the initial phase. Choice D is incorrect as promoting self-care is important but may not address the specific needs related to substance abuse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The patient is displaying symptoms consistent with PTSD, including avoidance (avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the trauma), hyperarousal (being easily startled or on edge), and intrusive thoughts (recurring, distressing memories of the trauma). Major depressive disorder (A) involves persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, not specific to a traumatic event. Generalized anxiety disorder (C) involves excessive worry and anxiety about various events, not necessarily tied to a specific traumatic event. Bipolar disorder (D) involves mood swings between mania and depression, not specific to symptoms seen in PTSD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it promotes patient-centered care by acknowledging the patient's concerns and involving them in finding a solution. This approach fosters trust, improves adherence, and ensures the patient's well-being. Option A is incorrect as stopping medication abruptly can be dangerous. Option B may not always be true and can dismiss the patient's worries. Option D is incorrect as not all side effects are normal, and blindly continuing medication can be harmful.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because encouraging the patient to engage in deep breathing exercises is an evidence-based intervention for managing anxiety. Deep breathing helps activate the body's relaxation response, calming the nervous system and reducing anxiety symptoms. It is a non-invasive, simple technique that can be done anywhere. Choice A is incorrect because forcing a patient to face their fears immediately can escalate their anxiety. Choice B, while providing reassurance is important, may not address the underlying anxiety effectively. Choice D is incorrect as ignoring the patient's anxiety can lead to worsening symptoms and poor patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because regular exercise and engaging in enjoyable activities have been shown to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters, and engaging in activities the patient enjoys can provide a sense of purpose and fulfillment. A: Avoiding social interaction can worsen symptoms of depression by increasing feelings of isolation and loneliness. B: While reassurance is important, it is not as effective as engaging in active interventions like exercise and enjoyable activities. D: Providing a list of medications without considering non-pharmacological interventions may not address the root causes of the patient's depression.