A nurse is working with a patient diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for this patient?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In working with a patient diagnosed with PTSD, the most appropriate intervention is option D: helping the patient identify triggers and develop coping strategies. This approach is grounded in evidence-based practice for PTSD management. By identifying triggers, the patient gains awareness of what may lead to distress or flashbacks, empowering them to implement coping strategies to manage these triggers effectively. Option A, encouraging avoidance of talking about the trauma, is not recommended as it may perpetuate avoidance behaviors, worsen symptoms, and hinder the patient's ability to process and heal from the traumatic experience. Option B, exposure therapy, although effective for some individuals with PTSD, may not be appropriate for all patients, especially if they are not ready or willing to confront the trauma directly. Option C, offering sedating medications during flashbacks, only addresses the symptoms temporarily without addressing the underlying triggers or providing the patient with long-term coping skills. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the principles of trauma-informed care and evidence-based interventions for PTSD. By choosing option D, nurses can actively engage in supporting patients to develop resilience and regain control over their lives in a safe and empowering manner.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of Alzheimer's disease, the correct answer is B) Age. This is because advancing age is the single greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease. As individuals grow older, the risk of developing this condition increases significantly. This is attributed to the natural aging process, which can lead to changes in the brain that make individuals more susceptible to developing Alzheimer's. Genetics (option A) also play a role in Alzheimer's disease, but it is not as significant as age. While having a family history of the disease can increase one's risk, age remains the primary factor. History of Down syndrome (option C) is a risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease, but it is not as common as age-related Alzheimer's. Androgen deprivation therapy (option D) is not a recognized risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In an educational context, it is important for the community health nurse to emphasize the impact of age as the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Understanding this can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain brain health as they age, such as engaging in cognitive activities, staying socially connected, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. By raising awareness about the significance of age in Alzheimer's risk, the nurse can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their brain health as they grow older.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors. When a patient with major depressive disorder is prescribed an antidepressant, there is a risk of increased suicidal ideation, especially in the initial stages of treatment. This phenomenon, known as activation syndrome, can occur as the antidepressant starts to take effect before mood improvement is observed. Therefore, close monitoring for any signs of increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors is crucial to ensure the safety of the patient. Option A) Increased energy and insomnia may actually be expected side effects of some antidepressants as they can have activating properties. However, this is not the most critical side effect to monitor in a patient with major depressive disorder. Option B) Decreased appetite and weight loss are common side effects of some antidepressants, but they are not as immediately concerning as increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors in a patient with major depressive disorder. Option C) Dizziness and confusion are potential side effects of medications, but they are not the primary side effects to monitor for in this specific case. In an educational context, understanding the potential side effects of medications used in behavioral nursing is essential for providing safe and effective care to patients. Nurses need to be vigilant in monitoring for both common and serious side effects, especially in patients with mental health conditions. Recognizing and addressing adverse effects promptly can help prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes for patients undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In assessing a patient with bulimia nervosa, monitoring for self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives after meals is crucial. This behavior is characteristic of bulimia nervosa, where individuals engage in binge eating episodes followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting or laxative use to prevent weight gain. By choosing option C, the nurse can identify potential signs of this eating disorder and provide appropriate care and interventions. Option A is incorrect as excessive weight gain and sedentary behavior are not typically associated with bulimia nervosa. Option B describes behaviors more in line with anorexia nervosa, where individuals exhibit extreme weight loss and restrict their food intake significantly. Option D describes binge eating followed by purging behaviors, which is indeed a characteristic of bulimia nervosa. However, the specific purging behaviors mentioned in option C (self-induced vomiting and laxative use) are more indicative of bulimia nervosa than just general purging. Educationally, understanding the specific behaviors associated with different eating disorders is essential for nurses to accurately assess and provide care for patients with these conditions. By recognizing the unique signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa, nurses can intervene early, provide appropriate support, and help patients on the path to recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Agranulocytosis. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication commonly used to treat schizophrenia, is associated with the potential side effect of agranulocytosis, which is a severe decrease in white blood cells. This condition can compromise the patient's immune system, leading to an increased risk of infections and potentially life-threatening consequences. Option A) Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are more commonly associated with typical antipsychotic medications, such as haloperidol, rather than clozapine. Clozapine is known for its lower risk of causing EPS. Option C) Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect often associated with long-term use of typical antipsychotic medications rather than clozapine. Option D) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but serious side effect that can occur with antipsychotic medications, but it is more commonly linked to typical antipsychotics rather than clozapine. Educationally, understanding the side effect profile of medications used in psychiatric nursing is crucial for safe and effective patient care. Monitoring for and recognizing potential side effects like agranulocytosis with clozapine is essential for early intervention and prevention of serious complications in patients with schizophrenia. Nurses play a vital role in medication management and monitoring, making knowledge of potential side effects a cornerstone of their practice.