A nurse is working with a group of adolescent clients in a community health setting. Which approach should the nurse use to address health behaviors in this group?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct approach is C: Provide education that emphasizes personal responsibility and positive peer influence. This approach is effective with adolescents as it promotes empowerment, accountability, and positive social support. Educating them about personal responsibility helps them understand the consequences of their actions and encourages them to make informed choices. Emphasizing positive peer influence reinforces the importance of surrounding themselves with supportive friends. Incorrect answers: A: Punishment may lead to resentment and resistance in adolescents, hindering the development of a trusting relationship. B: Scare tactics can create fear and anxiety, but may not result in sustained behavior change and could lead to rebellious behavior. D: Avoiding the topic of risky behaviors fails to address the issue and misses the opportunity to engage adolescents in meaningful discussions and interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting healthy eating and physical activity in a supportive environment is crucial for addressing obesity in children. This approach focuses on long-term lifestyle changes, which are sustainable and beneficial for overall health. Encouraging parents to enforce strict dietary restrictions (A) may lead to negative outcomes like disordered eating habits. Recommending weight loss surgery (C) is extreme and not recommended for children unless in severe cases. Focusing solely on psychological factors (D) neglects the importance of diet and exercise in managing obesity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Domestic violence support groups. These groups provide a safe space for survivors to share experiences, receive emotional support, and learn coping strategies. Substance abuse counseling (A) may be needed for some survivors, but not all. Physical therapy (C) is more related to physical rehabilitation and not the primary concern for domestic violence survivors. Nutritional counseling (D) may be helpful, but addressing the emotional and psychological impact of domestic violence usually takes precedence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The development of the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century, was a landmark event in public health that significantly reduced the incidence of smallpox. By introducing a weakened form of the smallpox virus into the body, the immune system was able to produce antibodies to fight off the virus, leading to immunity. This breakthrough led to the eventual eradication of smallpox worldwide in 1980. A: The invention of the microscope is not directly related to reducing the incidence of smallpox. B: The discovery of antibiotics is important in treating bacterial infections, not viral diseases like smallpox. D: The establishment of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is crucial for public health, but it did not directly reduce the incidence of smallpox.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the health promotion movement. This movement focused on preventing chronic diseases through promoting healthy lifestyles and behaviors. It emphasized education, awareness, and empowerment of individuals to take control of their health. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The environmental health movement focused on reducing environmental hazards, not specifically chronic diseases. C: The sanitation movement aimed to improve hygiene and sanitation to prevent infectious diseases, not chronic diseases. D: The primary care movement emphasized the importance of accessible and comprehensive healthcare services, not specifically prevention of chronic diseases.