A nurse is working in the prenatal clinic. Which of the following findings seen in third-trimester pregnant women would the nurse consider to be within normal limits?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of external maternal monitoring in pharmacology, understanding the normal physiological changes that occur during pregnancy is crucial for providing optimal care. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Leg cramps. Leg cramps are a common complaint in pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, due to factors like increased weight, pressure on blood vessels, and changes in mineral levels. It is considered within normal limits and can be managed with proper hydration, stretching, and adequate rest. Option B) Varicose veins, while common in pregnancy due to increased blood volume and hormonal changes, are not necessarily within normal limits as they can cause discomfort and indicate venous insufficiency. Option C) Hemorrhoids, though common in pregnancy due to increased pressure on pelvic blood vessels, are not considered within normal limits and may require intervention to manage symptoms. Option D) Fainting spells are not within normal limits during pregnancy and can indicate underlying issues such as dehydration, low blood sugar, or poor circulation, requiring further evaluation and management. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing normal physiological changes versus concerning symptoms during pregnancy. Nurses need to be able to differentiate between common discomforts like leg cramps, which are expected, and more serious issues that may require intervention to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Before stopping birth control in preparation for pregnancy, a woman should be counseled to see a medical doctor (Option B). This is crucial because a healthcare provider can offer personalized advice based on the woman's medical history, current health status, and any specific risks or considerations she may have. The doctor can also provide guidance on optimizing health before conception, such as ensuring vaccinations are up to date and addressing any pre-existing conditions that may impact pregnancy. Option A, taking a daily multivitamin, is generally good advice for women planning pregnancy to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients like folic acid. However, it is not directly related to the immediate step of stopping birth control. Option C, drinking beer instead of vodka, is not appropriate advice for a woman planning pregnancy. Alcohol consumption should ideally be minimized or avoided altogether when trying to conceive to reduce potential harm to the developing fetus. Option D, stopping all over-the-counter medications, is too broad. While it is important to review medications with a healthcare provider before pregnancy, not all over-the-counter medications need to be stopped, and some may be safe to continue using during pregnancy. In an educational context, it is important for individuals to understand the significance of preconception care and the role of healthcare providers in guiding them through this process. Making informed decisions and seeking professional advice can optimize the chances of a healthy pregnancy and baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tofu, legumes, and broccoli provide essential nutrients like protein, iron, and calcium that are often lacking in a vegan diet. Corn, yams, and green beans offer carbohydrates and vitamins but lack sufficient protein sources. Potatoes, parsnips, and turnips are starchy vegetables with limited nutritional variety. Cheese, yogurt, and fish are non-vegan options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health. The correct answer, option B) 2 eggs, is equivalent to a 2 oz protein serving. Eggs are not only a good source of high-quality protein, but they also contain essential nutrients like choline which is important for fetal brain development. Option A) 4 tbsp peanut butter is not equivalent to a 2 oz protein serving as the quantity provided is not a standard measure of protein. Peanut butter is a good source of protein but the serving size does not align with the question. Option C) 1 cup cooked lima beans is not equivalent to a 2 oz protein serving as the quantity provided is much larger than the specified serving size in the question. While lima beans are a vegetarian source of protein, the portion size is not accurate. Option D) 2 ounces mixed nuts is also not equivalent to a 2 oz protein serving as nuts are more commonly associated with healthy fats rather than being a primary source of protein. The protein content in mixed nuts may vary depending on the types of nuts included. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding portion sizes and protein sources during pregnancy. It emphasizes the need for pregnant individuals to consume adequate amounts of protein to support the growth and development of the fetus. A clear understanding of proper nutrition can help prevent complications and promote overall health during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Iron-deficiency anemia. Pica, the craving and consumption of non-food substances, such as ice, clay, or paper, during pregnancy can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. This is because the ingestion of non-nutritive substances can interfere with the body's ability to absorb iron from food, leading to a deficiency in this essential mineral. Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy can have serious consequences, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays in the baby. Option A) Hypothyroidism is not directly associated with pica during pregnancy. Hypothyroidism is a separate condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland. Option C) Hypercalcemia, an excess of calcium in the blood, is not typically linked to pica during pregnancy. It is usually associated with conditions like hyperparathyroidism or certain cancers. Option D) Overexposure to zinc is not a common complication of pica during pregnancy. While excessive zinc intake can cause toxicity symptoms, it is not a primary concern related to pica. Educationally, understanding the complications associated with pica during pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant women. By recognizing the risks, providers can offer appropriate interventions and support to prevent and address potential complications like iron-deficiency anemia. This knowledge can contribute to better maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy.