Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the problem-oriented approach involves focusing on the patient's presenting situation to identify the main issues and prioritize data collection. This step helps the nurse understand the immediate concerns and sets the direction for further assessment and interventions. Choice A is incorrect because completing questions in chronological order may not address the most urgent issues. Choice C is incorrect as accurate interpretations come after collecting relevant data. Choice D is incorrect as conducting an observational overview is part of the assessment process but not the first step in the problem-oriented approach.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because focusing on the patient's presenting situation is the first step in the problem-oriented approach. This allows the nurse to gather relevant data related to the current health issue, which is crucial for identifying the problem and formulating a care plan. Option A is incorrect as chronological order may not prioritize the most critical data. Option C is incorrect as interpretations come after data collection. Option D is incorrect as observation typically follows data collection and analysis. Focusing on the patient's presenting situation ensures efficient and effective data collection for problem-solving.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To help nurses focus on the scope of medical practice. Developing a standard formal nursing diagnosis helps nurses to identify and focus on the patient's specific health issues within the nursing scope of practice. This enables nurses to provide targeted and effective care interventions. A: To form a language that can be encoded only by nurses - This choice is incorrect because the purpose of a nursing diagnosis is not exclusive to nurses and should be comprehensible to all healthcare professionals caring for the patient. B: To distinguish the nurse’s role from the physician’s role - While this distinction is important, the main purpose of developing a nursing diagnosis is to guide nursing interventions based on the patient's nursing care needs, rather than solely differentiating roles. C: To develop clinical judgment based on other’s intuition - This choice is incorrect as clinical judgment should be based on evidence-based practice and critical thinking, rather than solely relying on intuition or others' opinions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is C: “Would you like to meet with your family and your physician about this matter?” Rationale: 1. Involving the family and physician ensures a collaborative decision-making process. 2. It respects the client's autonomy and involves them in the decision-making process. 3. It promotes open communication and support from loved ones. 4. It addresses the client's concerns about continuing treatment based on family wishes. Summary: A: Refers to psychological support, but the client's primary concern is medical treatment decisions. B: Involves religious support, which may not align with the client's beliefs or address the medical decision. D: Acknowledges the client's feelings but lacks a collaborative approach involving family and healthcare team.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focus on the patient’s presenting situation. In the problem-oriented approach, the nurse prioritizes the patient's immediate concerns to address them effectively. By focusing on the presenting situation first, the nurse can gather relevant data and identify key issues. This step ensures that the nurse addresses the most pressing problems promptly. A: Completing questions in chronological order may not be necessary and could delay addressing the immediate concern. C: Making accurate interpretations of data should come after gathering relevant information about the presenting situation. D: Conducting an observational overview is important but should come after focusing on the patient's presenting situation to gather specific data.