ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Ray M Merrill Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is using analytic epidemiology when conducting a research project. Which of the following projects is the nurse most likely completing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because analytic epidemiology focuses on determining factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases or health outcomes in populations. In this case, the nurse is likely completing a research project on childhood obesity, which involves analyzing various factors contributing to its prevalence. A, reviewing communicable disease statistics, falls under descriptive epidemiology which involves summarizing and presenting data on disease patterns. C, analyzing locations where family violence is increasing, is more related to social epidemiology which focuses on the social determinants of health and disease distribution. D, documenting population characteristics for healthy older citizens, is more aligned with descriptive epidemiology as it involves describing the characteristics of a specific population group.
Question 2 of 5
In a particular community, several high school students were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type 2 during the annual high school health fair. Over the next few years, the nursing staff developed and implemented educational programs about the risk factors for diabetes mellitus Type 2 and proper nutrition. Which of the following would be most useful for the nurses to use to determine if they are having any impact?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. Rationale: 1. Prevalence refers to the total number of existing cases of a disease within a population at a specific time. 2. By monitoring the prevalence of diabetes during screening events, nurses can assess the impact of their educational programs. 3. A decrease in prevalence indicates that the educational programs may be effective in reducing the number of diabetes cases. 4. Options A, B, and D do not directly measure the impact of the educational programs on diabetes prevalence, making them incorrect choices.
Question 3 of 5
A man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Which of the following data should the nurse know to answer the man when he asks, “What are the chances I’ll survive this thing?â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Case fatality rate. This is the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disease who die from that disease within a specified period. It directly relates to the man's question about survival chances. Attack rate (A) is the proportion of exposed individuals who develop the disease. Cause-specific morbidity rate (C) is the proportion of individuals with a specific disease in a population. Crude mortality rate (D) is the total number of deaths in a population from any cause. Therefore, B is the most relevant data for the man's question about survival chances.
Question 4 of 5
A school nurse wants to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Which of the following describes a secondary prevention intervention that the nurse could implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because weighing students to identify those who are overweight is a secondary prevention intervention. This intervention focuses on early detection and intervention for individuals who already have risk factors for a health condition, in this case, obesity. By identifying overweight students early on, the nurse can provide targeted interventions and support to prevent further weight gain and related health issues. A, giving a presentation on the importance of exercise, is more of a primary prevention strategy aimed at educating all students to prevent obesity from occurring in the first place. B, designing a game for healthy food choices, is also a primary prevention strategy that promotes healthy behaviors for all students. D, putting students on a diet if they are overweight, is more of a tertiary prevention approach focusing on treatment after the condition has already developed, rather than early detection and prevention.
Question 5 of 5
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. This source provides comprehensive data on hospital utilization, including reasons for admission and discharge diagnoses. It offers insights into the specific health problems that require hospitalization, which is crucial for staffing and space allocation planning. A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city - While local data can be valuable, it may not provide a comprehensive overview of health problems that require hospitalization. B: The National Health Interview Survey - This survey focuses on health behaviors and access to care, rather than specific health problems that lead to hospitalization. D: The state's vital statistics - While vital statistics provide general health information, they may not offer detailed insights into specific health problems requiring hospitalization.