A nurse is teaching parents about caring for their child with chickenpox. The nurse should let the parents know that the child is considered to be no longer contagious when which occurs?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The child with chickenpox is considered to be no longer contagious when the lesions are crusted over. This usually occurs around 7-10 days after the rash first appears. At this stage, the fluid-filled blisters have dried up and formed scabs, indicating that the infectious stage of the illness has passed. The child can then safely return to school or daycare without posing a risk of spreading the infection to others. It is important for parents and caregivers to continue practicing good hygiene and ensuring that the child does not scratch the scabs to prevent complications and scarring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A is the correct response to reinforce with the parent of an infant with severe atopic dermatitis (eczema). Using warm wet compresses can help relieve discomfort associated with eczema by soothing the skin and reducing itching. It also helps to hydrate the skin, which is essential in managing eczema. Options B and C are incorrect because using a mild soap and bubble baths can actually worsen eczema by drying out the skin further, leading to increased irritation and exacerbation of symptoms. Option D is incorrect because while preventing scratching is important in managing eczema, using a mild antihistamine is not typically recommended as a first-line treatment for eczema in infants. Educationally, it is important for nurses to provide accurate and evidence-based information to parents regarding the care of infants with eczema. Teaching parents proper skin care techniques, such as using warm wet compresses and avoiding irritants like harsh soaps, is crucial in managing the condition effectively and improving the infant's quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Initiating an individualized stimulation program for a preterm newborn in the NICU should be based on the readiness of the newborn. The optimal time to start such a program is when the newborn's developmental organization and stability are sufficient to handle the stimulation. Premature newborns often require a period of stabilization and development before they can effectively engage with stimulation activities. Initiating stimulation programs too early may overwhelm the newborn or hinder their progress. Therefore, waiting until the newborn is developmentally ready ensures that the stimulation program is appropriate and beneficial for their individual needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Newborns with hypoglycemia and feeding intolerance typically require immediate treatment to rapidly raise their blood glucose levels. In such cases, the primary treatment is intravenous (IV) infusion of glucose because it provides a quick and direct source of glucose for the baby's body. IV glucose administration bypasses the need for digestion, making it the most effective way to increase blood sugar levels rapidly in newborns with feeding intolerance and hypoglycemia. It is crucial to monitor the baby's blood glucose levels closely during IV glucose infusion to ensure proper management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Guthrie blood test, also known as the newborn screening test, is used to diagnose phenylketonuria (PKU) in newborns. PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly process the amino acid phenylalanine. If left untreated, PKU can lead to intellectual disabilities and other serious health problems. The Guthrie blood test is a simple and effective way to detect PKU early so that treatment can begin promptly to prevent complications.